... reduce patients’ life quality. Summary: AD has complex pathogenesis, including genetic disorders, epidermal barrier dysfunction, abnormal immune responses, microbial dysbiosis of the skin, and environmental factors. Recently, the role of innate immune cells in AD has attracted considerable attention...

... Innate immunity Macrophage Neutrophil STAT3 Zebrafish Statistical analyses were performed using Graph Pad Prism version 8. Normality of data was tested using the D’Agostino-Pearson omnibus normality test and unequal variances using the F test. The difference between more than two groups...

...Carolina Rego Rodrigues; Yadu Balachandran; Gurpreet Kaur Aulakh; Baljit Singh Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the first pattern recognition receptors found in the innate immune system. The TLR family has 12 members (TLR1–TLR9, TLR11–TLR13) in mice and 10 members (TLR1–TLR10...

...Abdulsalam Adegoke; Julia Hanson; Ryan C. Smith; Shahid Karim Introduction: Hematophagous arthropods can acquire and transmit several pathogens of medical importance. In ticks, the innate immune system is crucial in the outcome between vector-pathogen interaction and overall vector competence...

... persistent innate immune responses remain obscure. In this study, we induce long-term systemic immune activation in Drosophila through genetic manipulation. Then, the dynamic pattern of LDs is traced in the Drosophila fat body. We find that deficiency of Plin1, a key regulator of LDs’ reconfiguration, blocks...

...Yanmin Lyu; Tianyu Wang; Shuhong Huang; Zhaoqiang Zhang The innate immune system, as the host’s first line of defense against intruders, plays a critical role in recognizing, identifying, and reacting to a wide range of microbial intruders. There is increasing evidence that mitochondrial stress...

...Tisheng Shan; Yang Wang; Neal T. Dittmer; Michael R. Kanost; Haobo Jiang The melanization and Toll pathways, regulated by a network of serine proteases and noncatalytic serine protease homologs (SPHs), have been investigated mostly in adult and larval insects. However, how these innate immune...

..., resting mature neurons generated a robust antiviral response. This was augmented by pretreatment with IFNβ. Infection of mature neurons derived from IFNAR −/− mice did not make an antiviral response and replicated virus to high levels. Alphavirus Interferon Neuron Innate immunity Central...

..., instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. 2022 Bruton’s tyrosine kinase Klebsiella pneumoniae Innate immunity Neutrophils Reactive oxygen species Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a member of the family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases designated “tyrosine kinase...

... toxins of prokaryotic origin, were expressed at high level, which may be important for parasitoid elimination. Our results reveal coordinated molecular and structural changes in the course of MGH differentiation and parasitoid encapsulation, providing a mechanistic model for a powerful innate immune...

... of transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), widely recognized as a regulator of immune activation during infection, in the host response to GBS. Given the importance of endogenous HIF-1α for innate immune defense, and the potential utility of HIF-1α stabilization in promoting bacterial...

... to in the content or advertisements. Effector mechanisms of insect innate immune systems comprise both soluble and cellular reactions [ 15, 16 ]. Soluble mediators are released from immune-competent organs, primarily the fat body but also the gut, the tracheae, and the salivary glands [ 15, 17-19 ]. Among...

..., or vesicular stomatitis virus, or by treatment of poly(I:C) and IFN-β. Furthermore, loss of innate immune adaptor IPS-1 or receptor IFNAR1 resulted in lower induction levels of several lncRNAs by ZIKV. Overexpression of 3 lncRNAs (RPL27-OT1, OASL-IT1, and REC8-OT3) reduced the virus yields of ZIKV. Knockout...

... condition that can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes for the mother and fetus as well as severe long-term neonatal morbidities. Despite much research focused on the consequences of intra-amniotic infection, there remains little knowledge about the innate immune cells that respond to invading microbes. We...

...Wenxin Wu; Jordan P. Metcalf The important role of interferons (IFNs) in antiviral innate immune defense is well established. Although recombinant IFN-α was approved for cancer and chronic viral infection treatment by regulatory agencies in many countries starting in 1986, no IFNs are approved...

..., instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Siglec Interleukin-1β Caspase-1 Inflammasome Macrophages Innate immunity Vimentin National Institutes of Health (NIH) 10.13039/100000002 Pathogenic and beneficial microbes establish intimate interactions...

... or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Innate immunity Cytokines Gender...

... model. We propose that lactoferrin is an important modulator of innate immune responses in the urinary tract and has potential application in novel therapeutic design for UTI. Urinary tract infection (UTI) afflicts more than half of women at least once in their lifetime and generates over $2.4 billion...

... Innate immunity Thioester-containing protein 1 Malaria © 2019 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel 2019 Open Access License / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND...

... aeruginosa to sense bacterial population density and fitness, and regulate virulence, biofilm development, metabolite acquisition, and mammalian host defense. We also focus on the role of N -acylhomoserine lactone-dependent QS signaling in the modulation of innate immune responses connected together via...