... Complement activation Inflammation Innate immunity is the first line of defense of the human immune system and relies on innate immune cells to protect the body from infection through the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) [ 1 ]. PRMs can...

.... Understanding IR upon activating different PRRs is critical for designing better immune cell-specific immunotherapeutics and immunomodulators targeting inflammation and inflammatory diseases. vij_tox@yahoo.com 21 12 2023 7 05 2024 13 05 2024 © 2024 The Author(s). Published by S...

... disease including asthma. The cationic host defense peptide LL-37 is elevated in the lungs during airway inflammation. However, the impact of LL-37 on TNFα-driven processes is not well understood. Here, we examined the effect of LL-37 on TNFα-mediated responses in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs...

... to in the content or advertisements. 2024 Visual Abstract Macrophage Immunity Drug Cancer Inflammation Over the past decades, pharmaceutical companies and laboratories have invested substantial funds in the hope of developing new drugs for disease treatment. Disappointingly, a large...

... to in the content or advertisements. 2024 Inflammation TLR10 Innate immunity Lung Prior to the discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), innate immunity was thought to be a simple and undeveloped component of the immune system that triggered a more complex adaptive immune response to, only...

...-type lectin-like receptors Infection response Inflammation Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 LOX-1 Oxidized low-density lipoprotein Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize specific molecular structures on the surface...

... microbiota Colitis Neutrophil Inflammation Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, constitute recurrent inflammatory disorders with a growing global incidence [ 1 ]. In the treatment of IBDs, anti-cytokines have been employed as adjuncts...

... responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. 2023 Immunometabolism Metabolite Inflammation Metabolites have traditionally been perceived as building blocks and intermediates...

...Leon Cyranka; Ida Mariegaard; Mikkel-Ole Skjødt; Rafael Bayarri-Olmos; Tom Eirik Mollnes; Peter Garred; Anne Rosbjerg Introduction: The complement system anaphylatoxin C5a is a critical player in inflammation. By binding to complement C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1/CD88), C5a regulates many cellular...

... of hsa_circ_0102678 in regulating inflammation of acne. Methods: First, microarray analysis was performed to study the expression of circRNAs in acne. Subsequently, RNase R digestion assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization assay were utilized to confirm the characteristics of hsa_circ_0102678. Finally, qRT-PCR...

... Inflammation Reactive oxygen species RNA extraction was performed as described previously [ 45 ]. Briefly, total RNA from cells was extracted and purified using the ReliaPrep RNA Miniprep System (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) for PCR and to clone the reporter plasmids. For quantitative PCR (qPCR), RNA...

... inflammation, which captures hallmarks of both hyperinflammation and immunological tolerance. Therefore, 110 healthy volunteers were intravenously challenged with 1 ng/kg LPS twice: on day 0 to determine the extent of the IV (hyper)inflammatory response and on day 7 to determine the degree of IV endotoxin...

...-19 Inflammation Outcome The complement system is an important part of innate immunity and is divided into three main pathways: the classical, alternative, and lectin pathway. The lectin pathway initiates the complement cascade upon pattern recognition molecule (PRM) binding to pathogen...

... of anti-DNA autoantibodies. Accelerated systemic inflammation was found in association with a relatively mild renal phenotype. Splenocytes of phenotypically overall-normal Gdf15−/− C57BL/6 and lupus-prone C57BL/6 lpr/lpr mice displayed increased in vitro lymphoproliferative responses or interferon...

...) were shown to regulate the inflammatory signaling pathways during ALI/ARDS. For example, miR-466 released into BALF of ARDS mice exacerbated pulmonary inflammation through the NLRP3 inflammasome activation [ 25 ]. In contrast, the plasma membrane-generated MVs from lipopolysaccharide (LPS...

... of mechanical ventilation (MV) and 30-day mortality compared with clinical parameters and other markers of inflammation were assessed by logistic regression analysis and expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Analyses were repeated in a prospective validation cohort ( n = 112...

... Dresden. References 1. Lee   YS , Olefsky   J . Chronic tissue inflammation and metabolic disease . Genes Dev . 2021   Mar ; 35 ( 5-6 ): 307 – 28 . 10.1101/gad.346312.120 33649162 1549-5477 2. Pålsson-McDermott   EM , O’Neill   LA . Targeting immunometabolism...

..., quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Macrophage Inflammation Macrophage polarization Interleukin-10 Under...

...Marina Nati; Kyoung-Jin Chung; Triantafyllos Chavakis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a very common hepatic pathology featuring steatosis and is linked to obesity and related conditions, such as the metabolic syndrome. When hepatic steatosis is accompanied by inflammation, the disorder...

...Mandy Menzel; Hamid Akbarshahi; Irma Mahmutovic Persson; Cecilia Andersson; Manoj Puthia; Lena Uller Asthma exacerbations are commonly triggered by rhinovirus infections. Viruses can activate the NFκB pathway resulting in airway inflammation and increased Th2 cytokine expression. NFκB signaling...