The role of L-arginine in the reversal of cholesterol-induced endothelial dysfunction was studied in the cremaster muscle microcirculation. In vivo television microscopy was used to measure microvascular diameters and macromolecular leakage. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a normal chow diet or a diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid for 3 weeks prior to in vivo experimentation. The cholesterol diet caused a decreased third-order arteriole dilator response to both acetylcholine and serotonin. This decreased responsiveness occurred in the presence of a higher plasma concentration of L-arginine and an increased ratio of L-arginine to its metabolite L-citrulline. The attenuation to both agonists was reversed by intravenous infusion of the nitric oxide precursor L-arginine (30-mg/kg bolus and 10-mg/ kg/min continuous infusion). The cholesterol diet also decreased the postcapillary macromolecular leakage response to serotonin, and again this effect was reversed by L-arginine infusion. D-Arginine infusion had no restorative effect with either agonist in the cholesterol animals. Further experimentation with the nitric oxide production inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester demonstrated an inhibition of aretriolar dilation to acetylcholine, but there was no inhibition of dilation or macromolecular leakage to serotonin. Thus, it is probable that serotonin-induced leakage as well as dilation was not caused by stimulation of nitric oxide. These results suggest that L-arginine restores both nitric oxide-dependent and -independent dilation as well as macromolecular leakage in cholesterol-fed rats. L-Arginine probably acts both as a precursor to nitric oxide and in another as yet undefined capacity which is important for nitric oxide-independent dilation and macromolecular leakage.

Keywords:
Serotonin, Acetylcholine, Nitric oxide, L-Arginine, Vasodilation, Macromolecular leakage
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© 1994 S. Karger AG, Basel
1994
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