Tetanus toxoid (Ttd) was coupled to liposomes via glutaraldehyde. Intraperitoneal injection in BALB/c mice with Ttd–liposomes induced a substantial amount of anti–Ttd IgG antibody production and an extremely low level of anti–Ttd IgE antibody production. Mice immunized with Ttd–liposomes were successfully protected against a subsequent challenge with a lethal dose of tetanus toxin (Ttx). On the other hand, aluminum hydroxide–adsorbed Ttd (Ttd–alum) and plain Ttd solution induced the production of both IgG and IgE antibodies against Ttd. Moreover, secondary immunization with Ttd–liposomes in mice, in which anti–Ttd IgE antibody production was induced by Ttd–alum led to enhanced anti–Ttd IgG and a limited anti–Ttd IgE antibody production. When Ttd–liposome preparation was lyophilized, the efficacy of Ttd–liposomes was maintained for 6 months at 37°C, suggesting that this vaccine preparation would be stable without refrigeration. These results demonstrate the potential ability of Ttd–liposome conjugates to produce a tetanus vaccine which provides protection against (Ttx) while inducing the least amount of anti–Ttd IgE antibodies.

Keywords:
Tetanus, Liposome, Vaccine, IgE
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