...Amy S. Shah; Margarita Barrientos-Pérez; Nancy Chang; Jun-Fen Fu; Tamara S. Hannon; Megan Kelsey; Alexia S. Peña; Orit Pinhas-Hamiel; Tatsuhiko Urakami; Brandy Wicklow; Jencia Wong; Farid H. Mahmud Youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) results from genetic, environmental, and metabolic causes...

...Rachelle Gandica; Ruth S. Weinstock; Mihili Gunaratne; Silva Arslanian; Lindsay Doherty; Mitchell E. Geffner; Lori Laffel; Janine Higgins; for the TODAY Study Group Introduction: The Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) trial examined the effects of three treatment...

...Diletta Maria Francesca Ingrosso; Marina Primavera; Sona Samvelyan; Veronica Maria Tagi; Francesco Chiarelli Evidence suggests that psychological and physical stress are relevant triggering factors for the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The underlying mechanisms involve...

...Chiara Garonzi; Alice Maguolo; Claudio Maffeis It is still a matter of debate which is the most suitable diagnostic test for risk-based screening of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. This review highlighted benefits and pitfalls...

... infusion. We come ever closer with new drugs and treatments to repair the biochemical defects in type 2 diabetes and to biologically replace islets and their function in type 1 diabetes. This review addresses the history of continuing progress in diabetes care. 6 08 2022 7 08 2022 29 11...

... adipokines and hepatokines in pediatric type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well understood. This study assessed novel adipokines C1q/TNF-related proteins ( CTRP1 and CTRP9 ), and hepatokine fibroblast growth factor 21 ( FGF21 ) in youth with T1D and T2D diabetes. Methods: Participants ( n = 80...

...Nella Polidori; Francesca Mainieri; Francesco Chiarelli; Angelika Mohn; Cosimo Giannini Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents just the tip of the iceberg of the complex metabolic alterations associated with obesity and other clinical conditions associated to impaired adipose tissue storage...

... male with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and COVID-19 who presented with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS). This case highlights a challenge for clinicians in distinguishing severe complications of COVID-19 from those seen in HHS. Youth with obesity and type 2 diabetes may represent a high-risk...

... they had increased numbers of immune cells and inflammatory markers in the liver, suggesting accelerated progression toward nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [ 32 ]. 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Hypertension Cortisol Cortisone Type 2 diabetes Tissue...

...Stefano Stagi; Elisabetta Lapi; Cecilia Cecchi; Francesco Chiarelli; Maria Gabriella D'Avanzo; Salvatore Seminara; Maurizio de Martino Background: In adults with Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), a common endocrine abnormality is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT...

...Stephen S. Rich; Suna Onengut-Gumuscu; Patrick Concannon Background: Nearly 21 million people in the United States, or 7% of the population, are estimated to have diabetes. The incidence and prevalence of diabetes differ by ethnicity; however, both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D...

...A.G. Dulloo Catch-up growth during infancy and childhood is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for later development of insulin-related complications and chronic diseases, namely abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. As catch-up growth per se is characterized...

...A. Vaag; C. Bjørn Jensen; P. Poulsen; C. Brøns; K. Pilgaard; L. Grunnet; S. Vielwerth; A. Alibegovic Numerous studies have shown an association between low weight at birth and being born small for gestational age (SGA) on the one hand and risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes...

...-resistance syndrome or one of its components (i.e., hypertension, dyslipidaemia, impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes). Insulin resistance appears to be a key component underlying these metabolic complications. Although the mechanism remains unclear, several pieces of evidence support an active...

... diabetes. This compares to 7.3 life-years lost and 11.1 QALYs lost for a man developing diabetes at age 60. They estimated that only 3% of all cases of diabetes in the US developed before age 20 years, the majority being type 1 diabetes. This may change as the prevalence of type 2 diabetes increases...

...Peter C. Butler Type 2 diabetes is characterized by both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. The defect in insulin secretion clearly involves β-cell dysfunction. Until recently there has been controversy surrounding a possible defect in β-cell mass. In this presentation data...

... and risk of type 2 diabetes in short, obese adults. In the representative Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood birth cohort, whereas insulin sensitivity is related to early postnatal weight gain, insulin secretion is related to IGF-I level and statural growth. Adult studies suggest that lower...

...Silva Arslanian In the past, type 2 diabetes mellitus was considered a disease of adults and older individuals, not a paediatric condition. Over the last decade, however, in the USA and the rest of the world there has been a disturbing trend of increasing cases of type 2 diabetes in children...

...Martin Silink Diabetes is an evolving disease, with changing patterns seen in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. A wide (over 400-fold) variation exists in worldwide incidence rates of type 1 diabetes, with the highest occurring in Finland (over 45 per 100,000 under the age of 15 years...

...D.R. Matthews; T.M. Wallace Type 2 diabetes is an increasing problem in children. Two decades ago it had been described only in selected groups, e.g. the Pima Indians. Childhood type 2 diabetes appears to be similar to the metabolic syndrome in adults and is characterized by obesity, hyperglycaemia...