...) in MCAS and 9 years old (5; 15) in PPNAD. The MCAS group had more impaired growth retardation (−4.75 SDS in MCAS vs. −1 SDS in CNC, p = 0.006) and higher prevalences of intrauterine growth retardation ( p = 0.01) and liver dysfunction at diagnosis ( p = 0.04). All 7 MCAS patients had learning disabilities...

... subcutaneous vosoritide 15 μg/kg. Safety and effectiveness (height, height Z -score, annualized growth velocity [AGV]) data over a 12-month follow-up period were collected. Results: Among 62 enrolled participants, 57 started treatment with vosoritide within the EAP period with 38 completing at least 6 months...

...Séverine Dubois; Charlotte Duneton; Rémi Salomon; Tim Ulinski; Priscilla Boizeau; Jean-Claude Carel; Dominique Simon Introduction: Growth retardation is common in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and reflects CKD severity. Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment was approved...

...Despoina Galetaki; Anqing Zhang; Yulan Qi; Nadia Merchant; Roopa Kanakatti Shankar; Kimberly Boucher; Niusha Shafaei; Raheem Seaforth; Niti Dham; Andrew Dauber Introduction: Vosoritide is a C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) analog that binds its receptor on chondrocytes, promoting growth...

...Fernanda Bora Moletta; Maria Cláudia Schmitt Lobe; Suzana Nesi França; Luiz de Lacerda; Rosana Marques Pereira Introduction: Most children with adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) present with accelerated growth and skeletal maturation at diagnosis, which potentially compromises their adult heights (AHs...

... therapy remain quite limited, with the primary medication available being recombinant human growth hormone. A second option is recombinant insulin-like growth factor 1 (rIGF-1) in select patients with severe primary IGF-1 deficiency. Alternative strategies to increase height have been attempted...

...Ximena Gaete; Pedro Ferrer-Rosende; Ana Pereira; Verónica Mericq Introduction: Menarche is the last stage of pubertal development, which coincides with the completion of longitudinal growth. As a consequence of the lack of national and up-to-date data related to post-menarcheal (PM) growth, the aim...

... androgens. Despite adequate replacement, impaired growth and overweight remain a clinical challenge. The main objective was to investigate the differences in growth, final height (FH), and body mass index (BMI) between different CYP21A2 genotype groups and glucocorticoid treatment strategies during...

...Hester Vlaardingerbroek; Sjoerd D. Joustra; Wilma Oostdijk; Christiaan de Bruin; Jan M. Wit Current clinical guidelines provide information about the diagnostic workup of children with growth failure. This mini-review focuses on the nutritional assessment, which has received relatively little...

...Laura Niuro; Emmi Danner; Liisa Viikari; Jukka Kero; Hanna Huopio; Jarmo Jääskeläinen; Harri Niinikoski Introduction: Newborn screening of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has enabled early treatment with levothyroxine (LT4), ensuring normal growth and development. The initial LT4 dose recommendation...

...Alan D. Rogol; Edward O. Reiter Background: People have long been fascinated with the size and growth of living things, from the giants of classic mythology and art to the little people who also have appeared in classical art, as well as the courts of European monarchs, and were exploited in “shows...

...Valentina Pampanini; Annalisa Deodati; Elena Inzaghi; Stefano Cianfarani Background: Daily recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is approved and marketed worldwide to treat children and adults with GH deficiency and other conditions. Efficacy of rhGH therapy is influenced by several variables...

... ages and developmental phases have improved the situation and outcome for the patients. Neonatal screening enables an earlier diagnosis and initiation of treatment, prevents from adrenal crisis, and improves growth and development also for children with the less severe forms of CAH. Summary...

..., other anthropometric measures including waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, or body composition analysis by imaging, may be better indicators of cardiometabolic risk [ 10-12 ]. Body composition measurements in children are challenging because of the rapid growth-related...

...Denver D. Brown; Andrew Dauber Poor growth is a common finding in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) that has been associated with poor long-term outcomes. The etiology of poor growth in this population is multifactorial and includes dysregulation of the growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like...

...Shlomit Shalitin; Galia Gat-Yablonski Background: The prevalence of obesity in childhood has increased dramatically in recent decades with increased risk of developing cardiometabolic and other comorbidities. Childhood adiposity may also influence processes of growth and puberty. Summary: Growth...

... with increasing age. Data about the physiological role of CT during infancy, childhood, and adolescence are contradictory or lacking. Objective: We hypothesize that CT demonstrates age-related correlations with parameters of bone growth and turnover as well as with parameters of calcium homeostasis. Methods...

...Melanie R. Shapiro; Timothy P. Foster; Daniel J. Perry; Ron G. Rosenfeld; Andrew Dauber; James A. McNichols; Andrew Muir; Vivian Hwa; Todd M. Brusko; Laura M. Jacobsen Introduction: Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) mutations lead to systemic disturbances in growth and glucose...

...Willem J.M. Gerver; Alexandra Gkourogianni; Andrew Dauber; Ola Nilsson; Jan M. Wit Background/Objectives: In the clinical assessment of a short or tall child, estimating body disproportion is useful to assess the likelihood of a primary growth disorder, e.g., skeletal dysplasia. Our objectives were...

...Francesca Cirillo; Cecilia Catellani; Pietro Lazzeroni; Chiara Sartori; Maria Elisabeth Street Body growth and development are regulated among others by genetic and epigenetic factors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic regulators of gene expression that act at the post-transcriptional level...