...-dose test (HDT) in assessing the pituitary-adrenal axis in children is lacking. Methods: In a retrospective study, patients who underwent sequential LDT and HDT were classified into two groups depending on the reason for testing: prolonged systemic glucocorticoid exposure (group 1) or suspected...

... of glucocorticoids . Neuroimmunomodulation . 2015 ; 22 ( 1–2 ): 6 – 19 . 4. Chrousos GP . Stress and disorders of the stress system . Nat Rev Endocrinol . 2009 ; 5 ( 7 ): 374 – 81 . Nineteen centuries later, Thomas Sydenham suggested that “the symptoms and signs of a disease arise also...

... management plans, one to one patient education, and contact details of health care staff were provided by over 90% of centres in high-income countries. All 56 centres advised glucocorticoid stress dosing in the event of fever. Less common indications for sick day dosing included vaccination and mild afebrile...

... to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. 2022 Catecholamines Glucocorticoids Stress Stress system Stressors Stress is a state of threatened – or perceived as threatened – internal dynamic balance...

...Jennifer Apsan; Charlene Thomas; Hailan Elnaas; Karen Lin-Su; Oksana Lekarev Introduction: Glucocorticoid therapy in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) must be finely balanced between optimizing adrenal control and minimizing side effects. Twice (BID) rather than three times daily...

...Amr Morsi; Donald DeFranco; Selma F. Witchel Glucocorticoids (GCs), cortisol in humans, influence multiple essential maturational events during gestation. In the human fetus, fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, fetal adrenal steroidogenesis, placental 11β- hydroxysteroid...

... threats like hemodynamic changes and reduced energy supplies, which is partly attributable to adrenocortical insufficiency. Conversely, later in life, these infants show features of increased glucocorticoid bioactivity, such as abdominal fat distribution, raised blood pressure, insulin resistance...

...Susanne Bechtold; Andreas Beyerlein; Walter Bonfig; Robert Dalla Pozza; Stephanie Putzker; Ragna Otto; Heinrich Schmidt; Hans Peter Schwarz Background/Aims: Glucocorticoid treatment may influence bone and muscle development in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). This study evaluated...

...Ian R. Reid Background: A number of disease states and drugs can upset the balance between bone formation and resorption resulting in increased fracture risk. Glucocorticoids are the most recognized cause of secondary osteoporosis. Hypogonadism, weight loss, and chronic inflammation are other...

.... Leukaemia Adiposity Adipokines Leptin Glucocorticoids Recognition and management of the late effects of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treatment are becoming increasingly important as event free survival continues to improve and now exceeds 89% [ 1 ]. Obesity is one of the most...

... and bone maturation. Traditional treatment of CAH consists of the suppression of ACTH through glucocorticoid replacement, in an attempt to reduce excessive androgen production. Objective: To retrospectively analyze early growth pattern and bone maturation in untreated boys with simple virilizing CAH...

... Newborn screening Growth Glucocorticoids Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is caused by the loss or severe decrease in activity in 1 of the 5 steroidogenic enzymes involved in cortisol biosynthesis. In over 90% of all cases, 21-hydroxylase deficiency is found [ 1 ]. It is caused by mutations...

.... Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Growth hormone Growth retardation Glucocorticoids Growth deficiency is a common complication of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). There is an early decrease in linear growth that correlates with disease severity, and ‘catch-up’ growth does not occur consistently...

...S.F. Ahmed; L. Sävendahl Background: Growth disorders are commonly observed in children with chronic inflammatory disease. It is likely that these disorders are mediated by a combination of factors, including the disease process and its treatment (with drugs such as glucocorticoids [GCs...

...Robert C. Olney Background: Long-term treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids (GCs) has profound effects on bone metabolism and linear growth. Bone metabolism is a balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and new bone formation by osteoblasts. Systemically, GC treatment reduces circulating...

...O. Schakman; H. Gilson; S. Kalista; J.P. Thissen Background: Many pathological states characterized by muscle atrophy (e.g., sepsis, cachexia, starvation, metabolic acidosis and severe insulinopenia) are associated with an increase in circulating glucocorticoid (GC) levels, suggesting that GC could...

...Dominique Simon Background: Available data on growth hormone (GH) therapy in glucocorticoid-treated children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) suggest a satisfactory safety profile. There have been few reports of adverse effects on the course of the joint disease (e.g., inflammatory flare...

... examines the role of hormones in feto-placental growth with particular emphasis on insulin, the insulin-like growth factors and glucocorticoids. Intrauterine growth, programming Feto-placental growth Placenta Fetus Insulin Glucocorticoids Insulin-like growth factors Insulin, thyroid...

... reduction in bone mineral density. The possible consequences of this reduction are an increase in extrapolated annual fracture incidence and reduced peak bone mass. Excessive endogenous glucocorticoid production, immobilization, bone marrow suppression, and magnesium depletion are all postulated...

...S.W.J. Lamberts Recent studies demonstrate that primary (hereditary) abnormalities in the glucocorticoid receptor gene make 6.6% of the normal population relatively ‘hypersensitive’ to glucocorticoids, while 2.3% are relatively ‘resistant’. These abnormalities might explain the well-known...