...-threatening illness massive bone resorption is the rule, while bone formation is suppressed. During chronic illness, the balance between bone formation and bone resorption also shifts, frequently resulting in decreased bone mass and density. Several factors may contribute to the osteopenia that accompanies...

..., is for psychological difficulties and for loss of bone mineralization. Treatment must be individualized. Therapeutic options and new drugs will be discussed. Appropriate treatment and adequate nutritional intake are indicated in patients with delayed puberty due to chronic illness. In patients with hypo...

... patients with a clinical history of delayed growth and development; b) Hypogonadotropic states (congenital abnormalities, tumours, endocrinopathies); c) Hypergonadotropic states (chromosomal alterations, syndromes, genetic disorders, radiotherapy/chemotherapy); d) Secondary to chronic illness (organic...