... PHEX gene in 1997. Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets similarly led to the discovery of FGF23, a phosphate-wasting humoral factor made in bone, in 2000, revolutionizing our understanding of phosphorus metabolism. 8 08 2022 10 08 2022 29 11 2022 © 2022 S. Karger AG, Basel...

... metaphysis of tibia but otherwise absent signs of demineralization ( e ), rickets or fractures ( f–h ). Follow-up imaging at 5 months of age revealed improved mineralization/ossification of the skull; ( c , d ) but otherwise severe global bone loss ( i–l ) and multiple spine fractures ( k ). Fig. 2...

...Tamar G. Baer; Sanchita Agarwal; Shaoxuan Chen; Codruta Chiuzan; Aviva B. Sopher; Rachel Tao; Abeer Hassoun; Elizabeth Shane; Ilene Fennoy; Sharon E. Oberfield; Patricia M. Vuguin Introduction: Although growth hormone (GH) is essential for attainment of peak bone mass, bone health in prepubertal...

... an OGTT, PEDF declined by ∼20% in response to an oral glucose load. Conclusion: PEDF was acutely regulated by a glucose load and was correlated with BMI but not with diabetes. The negative correlation with vitamin D, independent of BMI, raises the question whether PEDF plays a compensatory role in bone...

..., hypercortisolemia, altered secretion of adipokines and appetite-regulating hormones, and low bone mineral density (BMD). Bone health is impaired subsequent to a low body mass index, decreased lean mass, and the endocrine changes described above. In addition to low areal BMD, AN is characterized by a decrease...

...Paul Baldock Background: The primary relationship affecting skeletal tissue involves the association between fat mass and bone mass. However, there is some complexity in this relationship that may be explained by endocrine and neural pathways representing direct, reciprocal signalling between fat...

...Anenisia C. Andrade; Jeffrey Baron; Stavros C. Manolagas; Nick J. Shaw; Gudrun A. Rappold; Malcolm D.C. Donaldson; Emma Jane Gault; Lars Sävendahl This mini review summarizes papers presented in a Joint Symposium between the Bone, Growth Plate and Turner Syndrome Working Groups of the European...

...F. De Benedetti Background: Chronic inflammatory diseases in children are associated with impairment of linear growth and bone mineral accrual. In addition to poor nutrition, reduced mobility and glucocorticoid treatment, several observations in patients suggest that inflammation itself may have...

.... Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Outcome Bone Growth failure Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a common chronic disease and an important cause of acquired impairment and disability in children and adolescents. Research into the long-term outcome of patients with JIA has accumulated during...

... of bone turnover and bone loss which are presented by androgen replacement. In the growing skeleton, androgens probably have a twofold effect. Not only neonatal androgens but also pubertal androgen secretions are needed for normal skeletal growth and modeling in order to reach full size (cortical) bone...

... and a decrease in the extracellular water volume) and a low bone mineral content compared to normals. Furthermore, the GHD patients have lipid abnormalities, decreased insulin sensitivity and a decreased fibrinolysis. Finally, the ‘quality of life’ is low in terms of energy and social life. Short- and long-term...

...Graham D. Ogle; Andrew R. Rosenberg; Danny Calligeros; Gad Kainer We investigated the effect of growth hormone (GH) treatment on mineral and vitamin D homeostasis, bone mineralisation, and body composition in short-statured children without GH deficiency (GHD). 11 children received GH (0.50 ± 0.08...

... osteoporosis. On the contrary, changes in circulating CT levels appear to be secondary to the changes in bone turnover, whether in postmenopausal osteoporosis, after estrogen replacement therapy or in renal stone formers. We found a marked CT deficiency after thyroidectomy, radioactive iodine treatment...

...Roger Bouillon Bone and mineral metabolism is regulated by numerous hormones and local growth factors. Growth hormone (GH), directly and/or indirectly through local IGF 1 and IGF 2 production, stimulates bone turnover as it increases osteoblast number and function. It also stimulates bone...

...E.A. van der Veen; J.C. Netelenbos Calcium uptake from the gut is increased by GH effects on vitamin D metabolism or action. Bone metabolism is stimulated by many factors, of which GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are only two examples. From various animal and human data, it can be shown...

...Eckhard Schoenau; Oliver Fricke Bone densitometric data are often difficult to interpret in children and adolescents because of large inter- and intraindividual variations in bone size. Here, we propose a functional approach to bone densitometry that addresses two questions. Is bone strength...

... three major areas of uncertainty: (1) Is there significant heterogeneity in the bone density response of individuals to PTH? If so, what factors are important predictors? (2) What other regimens are available for PTH use? (3) What, if anything, should the clinician do after PTH is discontinued? Answers...

..., decreased bone mineral density, abnormal lipid profiles, decreased cardiovascular performance, reduced lean body mass (LBM), social isolation, depressed mood and increased anxiety. Importantly, the combination of physical and psychological problems can often result in a reduced quality of life. A number...

... of action of CT drugs suggest a complex and diverse influence on chondrocytes, extracellular matrix and bone cells. However, only limited data demonstrate these direct effects on the proliferative capacity of growth plate chondrocytes and on key steps of endochondral ossification, the multistep process...

...Eckhard Schoenau; Frank Rauch Definition: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) of bone is a non-inheritable congenital disorder affecting both genders. It is characterized by expanding fibrous lesions, which contain bone-forming mesenchymal cells. Pathophysiology: FD is caused by a somatic activating mutation...