...Hans de Boer; Eduard van der Veen To minimize the rate of side-effects, a retrospective analysis of 28 studies of GH replacement therapy in adults indicates that the maintenance dose should usually not exceed 1.0 IU/m 2 /day (about 1.5-2.0 IU/day) in GHD patients 40-60 years old, or 1.5 IU/m 2 /day...

... positive effects in vitro and in vivo. GH-deficient adults have low BMD compared to healthy controls, and the reasons for this finding are discussed. A neglected factor is a measurement artefact from the use of DXA. Long-term GH therapy can lead to clinically important increases in BMD in GH-deficient...

...Anders Juul; Jens Otto L. Jørgensen; Jens S. Christiansen; Jørn Müller; Niels E. Skakkebœk GH deficiency in children has been treated for decades with GH in order to normalize growth and final height. After cessation of linear growth GH treatment has traditionally been stopped. However, adults...

...Sandahl Christiansen; J.O. Jørgensen; S.A. Pedersen; J. Møller; J. Jørgensen; N.E. Skakkebæk GH replacement therapy in GH-deficient adults has recently been shown to increase (normalize) muscle volume and decrease adipose tissue volume as measured by means of CT scan and skinfold thickness. Also...

...Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen Growth hormone (GH) deficiency in adulthood, irrespective of aetiology, is associated with decreases in lean body mass (LBM) and muscle strength. Early studies indicated that GH replacement in adults with GH deficiency (GHD) normalized LBM and muscle strength...

...Charlotte Höybye Background: In Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) obesity and partial growth hormone (GH) deficiency are frequently observed. The risks of cardiovascular diseases and early death are increased. We examined inflammatory markers in adult PWS, before and during 12 months of GH treatment...

...Leif Groop; Mikael Segerlantz; Margareta Bramnert Adult growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a multifactorial disorder in which pituitary dysfunction associated with pituitary adenomas or their treatment plays a major role. The introduction of recombinant growth hormone (GH) for the treatment of GHD...

...P. Sytze van Dam The clinical condition of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) as a consequence of pituitary or hypothalamic disease has been associated with reduced cognitive performance. In several studies, neuropsychological assessment has been performed in adults with GHD both before and after...

... estimate of integrated GH secretion in an individual patient. Measurement of serum IGF-I levels allows reliable identification of states of GH excess. In contrast, in a large proportion of adults with severe GH deficiency, serum IGF-I levels are within the normal range. Serum IGF-I levels increase markedly...

...Jens O.L. Jørgensen; Jens J. Christensen; Morten Krag; Sanne Fisker; Per Ovesen; Jens S. Christiansen Measurement of serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations remains the single most important tool in the evaluation of growth hormone (GH) replacement in GH-deficient adults...

..., Colao A, Rosenfeld RG: Usefulness of different biochemical markers of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family in diagnosing growth hormone excess and deficiency in adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:3001–3008. 11443159 10.1210%2Fjc.86.7.3001 13. Freda P, Nuruzzaman A, Reyes C...

..., compared with age-matched controls >60 years of age, who do not have the polymorphism. These individuals are also approximately 2.1 cm shorter than controls [ 18 ]. The findings suggest that this polymorphism results in some attenuation of final adult height and increased insulin resistance, which leads...

...) with pegvisomant with IGF-I values within the normal range. With the goal of minimizing the risk of over-treatment and GHD, we have provided preliminary guidance on the target range for IGF-I in patients receiving pegvisomant based on the gender- and decade-based percentile ranges for IGF-I of adult patients...

...Gianluca Aimaretti; Ginevra Corneli; Silvia Rovere; Riccarda Granata; Roberto Baldelli; Silvia Grottoli; Ezio Ghigo The current guidelines state that, within the appropriate clinical context, the diagnosis of adult growth hormone (GH) deficiency must be made biochemically using provocative tests...

.... This article will discuss something of the history of the IGF-I generation test, and review some of the major studies to date. The IGF-I generation test was first used in adults by Lieberman et al., who studied the effects of ageing and oestrogen administration, and suggested that decreased responsiveness...

... birth size and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in short, obese adults. In a recent prospective study, childhood insulin secretion was related to IGF-I levels and statural growth, whereas insulin sensitivity was related to early post-natal weight gain. Common genetic polymorphisms...

... of the methods and discuss the utility of IGF-I measurement in adults. The Nichols Institute Diagnostics radioimmunoassay was used to evaluate IGF-I in two random population samples of men and women (aged 25–64 years, n = 392) taken 10 years apart, in 1985 and 1995. This method for IGF-I testing was also...

... metabolism offers additional therapeutic options. One might be the improvement of the catabolic state in adults with end-stage renal failure. In few pilot studies and two placebo-controlled studies of 6 months duration, GH treatment in adults on dialysis showed clear anabolic effects resulting...

...Johan Svensson; Gudmundur Johannsson; Bengt-Åke N.-Å. Bengtsson Growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in GH-deficient adults should be initiated with a low dose, independent of body weight or body surface area. Measurements of serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations, as well...

...Triantafillia Dimitriou; Sabine Huesemann; Annette Neubert; Thomas Remer Objectives: The aim of this study was to check whether leptin is reliably measurable in urine samples of children, adolescents, and adults and to examine whether capillary leptin measurements can be utilized as an alternative...