Objective: Elucidation of the intracellular lipoatrophic diabetic state and the concomitant alterations in norepinephrine (NE) parameters characterizing female reproductive failure. Methods: Quantitation of intrinsic NE levels in utero-ovarian and pancreatic tissue samples of C57BL/KsJ (+/?) control and (db/db) diabetic littermate mice was by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and compared with the microspectrofluorometric histofluorescent (HF) localization of cellular and parenchymal NE. Results: Diabetes-associated elevations in HPLC-detectable tissue NE concentrations occurred in all pancreatic and reproductive tract tissue samples as compared to control-matched samples, whereas concurrent HF analysis revealed suppressed perivascular and parenchymal NE depositions in diabetic mice. Conclusions: These data suggest that progressive hypertriglyceridemia/lipidemia may suppress the effectiveness of intrinsic elevations in tissue NE concentrations from effectively counterregulating the deleterious effects of the hyperglycemic, type-2 diabetic condition.

1.
Coleman DL: Diabetes-obesity syndromes in mice. Diabetes 1982;31(suppl 1):1–6.
2.
Garris DR, West RL, Pekala PH: Ultrastructural and metabolic changes associated with reproductive tract atrophy and adiposity in diabetic female mice. Anat Rec 1986;216:359–366.
3.
Garris DR: Diabetes-associated alterations in uterine structure in the C57BL/KsJ mouse: Relationship to changes in estradiol accumulation, circulating ovarian steroid levels and age. Anat Rec 1985;211:414–419.
4.
Garris DR: Morphometric analysis of obesity (ob/ob) and diabetes (db/db) associated hypothalamic neuronal degeneration in C57BL/KsJ mice. Brain Res 1989;501:162–170.
5.
Garris DR, Coleman DL: Diabetes-associated changes in estradiol accumulation in aging C57BL/KsJ mouse brain. Neurosci Lett 1984;49:285–290.
6.
Garris DR, Coleman DL, Morgan CR: Age- and diabetes-associated changes in glucose uptake and estradiol accumulation in the C57BL/KsJ mouse. Diabetes 1985;34:47–52.
7.
Garris DR, Williams SK, West RL: Morphometric evaluation of diabetes-associated ovarian atrophy in the C57BL/KsJ mouse: Relationship to age and ovarian function. Anat Rec 1985;21:434–443.
8.
Garris DR, Williams SK, Coleman DL, Morgan CR: Glucose utilization by the mouse brain: Influence of age and diabetes. Brain Res 1984;317:141–146.
9.
Garris DR: Depressed progesterone accumulation by the brain and peripheral tissue of diabetic C57BL/KsJ mice: Normalization by estrogen therapy. Horm Res 1987;25:37–48.
10.
Garris DR: Obese (ob/ob) and diabetes (db/db) mutations: Two factors modulating brain and peripheral tissue uptake of estradiol in C57BL/KsJ mice. Brain Res 1987;432:153–157.
11.
Garris DR: Effects of the diabetes (db/db) mutation on brain and peripheral tissue insulin receptor binding in C57BL/KsJ mice: Modulating actions of estradiol and progesterone. Med Sci Res 1988;16:347–348.
12.
Barlett PB, Garris DR: The diabetes-obesity syndrome does not influence insulin receptor binding or uptake rates in the brain or peripheral tissues of C57BL/KsJ (db/db) mice. Med Sci Res 1988;16:133–134.
13.
Garris DR: Reproductive tract and pancreatic norepinephrine levels in pre- and overt-diabetic C57BL/KsJ mice: Relationship to body weight, blood glucose, serum insulin and reproductive dysfunction. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1988;189:79–83.
14.
Garris DR: Age- and diabetes-associated alterations in regional brain norepinephrine concentrations and adrenergic receptor populations in C57BL/KsJ mice. Dev Brain Res 1990;51:161–166.
15.
Broadstone VL, Pfeifer MA, Bajaj V, Stanger JJ, Samols E: Adrenergic blockage improves glucose-potentiated insulin secretion in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 1987;36:932–937.
16.
Cryer PE: Decreased sympathochromaffin activity in IDDM. Diabetes 1989;38:405–409.
17.
Cefalu WT: Insulin resistance: Cellular and clinical concepts. Exp Biol Med 2001;226:13–26.
18.
Halter JB, Beard JC, Porte D Jr: Islet function and stress hyperglycemia: Plasma glucose and epinephrine interaction. Am J Physiol 1984;247:E47–E52.
19.
Garris DR: Estrogenic stimulation of hypothalamic-limbic system metabolism in ageing diabetic C57BL/KsJ mice. Neuroendocrinology 1999;69:424–429.
20.
Garris DR, Smith-West C, Mastrianni JA: A cryostat-freeze drying technique for enhanced visualization of catecholamine/indolamine containing neurons. Neurosci Lett 1983;39:113–118.
Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer
Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
You do not currently have access to this content.