To conclude this special issue of Human Development on Learning by Observing and Pitching In to family and community endeavors (LOPI), we argue that everyone can benefit from learning to do things in more than one way, expanding our repertoires of practice. We examine potential developmental benefits for children's collaborative initiative, alertness, and skills in perspective-taking, self-regulation, and planning, in addition to acquiring particular information and skills. To deepen our understanding of the processes involved in LOPI, we discuss further research to investigate suggestions that LOPI may routinely involve: a calm measured pace; articulate nonverbal conversation and parsimonious verbal conversation that build on shared endeavors; encouragement of appropriate behavior through narrative approaches; and assessment in support of learning to contribute to shared productive endeavors. We conclude by recommending a wider use of LOPI and argue that this way of supporting learning involves sophisticated community and individual efforts and organization.

1.
Angelillo, C., & Rogoff, B. (2005). Coordination among European American middle-class and Mexican-descent siblings engaging with a science exhibit. Paper presented at the meetings of the International Society for Cultural and Activity Research, Seville, Spain.
2.
Baker-Sennett, J., Matusov, E.L., & Rogoff, B. (2008). Children's planning of classroom plays with adult or child direction. Social Development, 17, 998-1018.
3.
Basso, K.H. (2000). Stalking with stories. In B.A.U. Levinson (Ed.), Schooling the symbolic animal (pp. 41-50). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
4.
Brayboy, B.M.J. (2013). Tidemarks and legacies. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 44, 1-10.
5.
Callaghan, T., Moll, H., Rakoczy, H., Warneken, F., Liszkowski, U., Behne, T., & Tomasello, M. (2011). Early social cognition in three cultural contexts. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. Vol. 76.
6.
Carlson, S.M., & Meltzoff, A.N. (2008). Bilingual experience and executive functioning in young children. Developmental Science, 11, 292-298.
7.
Chamoux, M.N. (2010, submitted). Modalidades epistémicas y prácticas educativas: Representaciones Nahuas, ayer y hoy. Mexico: Centre d'études mexicaines et centraméricaines.
8.
Chandler, M. (2013). On being Indigenous. Human Development, 56, 83-97.
9.
Chavajay, P., & Rogoff, B. (2002). Schooling and traditional collaborative social organization of problem solving by Mayan mothers and children. Developmental Psychology, 38, 55-66.
10.
Corona, Y., & Pérez, C. (2007). The sense of belonging. In T. Wyller & U.S. Nayar (Eds.), The given child (pp. 125-158). Oakville: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
11.
Correa-Chávez, M., & Roberts, A.L.D. (2012). A cultural analysis is necessary in understanding intersubjectivity. Culture & Psychology, 18, 99-108.
12.
Correa-Chávez, M., & Rogoff, B. (2009). Children's attention to interactions directed to others: Guatemalan Mayan and European American patterns. Developmental Psychology, 45, 630-641.
13.
Cury, F., Elliot, A.J., da Fonseca, D., & Moller, A.C. (2006). The social-cognitive model of achievement motivation and the 2 × 2 achievement goal framework. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 666-679.
14.
Dayton, A., & Rogoff, B. (2013). “On being indigenous” as a process. Human Development, 56, 106-112.
15.
Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education. New York: Free Press.
16.
Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education. New York: Simon & Schuster.
17.
Ellis, S., & Gauvain, M. (1992). Social and cultural influences on children's collaborative interaction. In L.T. Winegar & J. Valsiner (Eds.), Children's development within social context. Vol. 2: Research and methodology (pp. 155-180). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
18.
Espinoza-Herold, M. (2007). Stepping beyond sí se puede: Dichos as a cultural resource in mother-daughter interaction in a Latino family. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 38, 260-277.
19.
Flores, R. (2011). John Dewey and the legacy of Mexican Pragmatism in the United States. In G. Pappas (Ed.), Pragmatism in the Americas. New York: Fordham University Press.
20.
Fuligni, A.J., & Telzer, E.H. (2013). Another way family can get in the head and under the skin: The neurobiology of helping the family. Child Development Perspectives, 7, 138-142.
21.
Goodman Turkanis, C. (2001). Creating curriculum with children. In B. Rogoff, C. Goodman Turkanis, & L. Bartlett (Eds.), Learning together: Children and adults in a school community (pp. 91-102). New York: Oxford.
22.
Grant, H., & Dweck, C.S. (2003). Clarifying achievement goals and their impact. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 541-553.
23.
Grusec, J.E., Goodnow, J.J., & Cohen, L. (1996). Household work and the development of concern for others. Developmental Psychology, 32, 999-1007.
24.
Gutiérrez, K.D., & Rogoff, B. (2003). Cultural ways of learning. Educational Researcher, 32, 19-25.
25.
Hayashi, A., & Tobin, J. (2011). The Japanese preschool's pedagogy of peripheral participation. Ethos, 39, 139-164.
26.
Henne, R.B. (2009). Verbal artistry. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 40, 331-349.
27.
Jaffe, E. (2012, July/August). Solving music's mysteries. Association for Psychological Science Observer, 25, 27-29.
28.
Jordan, B. (1989). Cosmopolitical obstetrics: Some insights from the training of traditional midwives. Social Science & Medicine, 28, 925-944.
29.
Lamphere, L. (1977). To run after them. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
30.
Lomawaima, K.T., & McCarty, T.L. (2006). “To remain an Indian”: Lessons in democracy from a century of Native American education. New York: Teachers College Press.
31.
López, A., Correa-Chávez, M., Rogoff, B., & Gutiérrez, K. (2010). Attention to instruction directed to another by U.S. Mexican-heritage children of varying cultural backgrounds. Developmental Psychology, 46, 593-601.
32.
López, A., Ruvalcaba, O., & Rogoff, B. (in press). Attentive helpfulness as a cultural practice of Mexican-heritage families. In Y.M. Caldera & E. Lindsey (Eds.), The handbook on Mexican American children and families. New York: Routledge.
33.
Mejía-Arauz, R., Keyser-Ohrt, U., & Correa-Chávez, M. (in press). Transformaciones culturales y generacionales en la participación colaborativa de niñas y niños de una comunidad p'urhépecha. Revista Mexicana de Investigación Educativa.
34.
Mejía-Arauz, R., Roberts, A.D., & Rogoff, B. (2012). Cultural variation in balance of nonverbal conversation and talk. International Perspectives in Psychology, 1, 207-220.
35.
Mosier, C., & Rogoff, B. (2003). Privileged treatment of toddlers: Cultural aspects of individual choice and responsibility. Developmental Psychology, 39, 1047-1060.
36.
Mueller, C.M., & Dweck, C.S. (1998). Praise for intelligence can undermine children's motivation and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 33-52.
37.
National Research Council (1999). How people learn: Mind, brain, experience and school. Committee on Developments in the Science of Learning. J.D. Bransford, A. Brown, & R. Cocking (Eds.). Washington: National Academies Press.
38.
Ochs, E., & Izquierdo, C. (2009). Responsibility in childhood. Ethos, 37, 391-413.
39.
Ochs, E., & Kremer-Sadlik, T. (2013). The good enough family. In E. Ochs & T. Kremer-Sadlik (Eds.), Fast-forward family (pp. 232-252). Berkeley: University of California Press.
40.
Over, H., & Carpenter, M. (2012). The social side of imitation. Child Development Perspectives, 7, 6-11.
41.
Paoli, A. (2003). Educación, autonomía, y lekil kuxlejal: Aproximaciones sociolingüísticas a la sabiduría de los tseltales. Mexico City: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.
42.
Paradise, R. (2005). Motivación e iniciativa en el aprendizaje informal. Sinéctica, 26, 12-21.
43.
Paradise, R., & de Haan, M. (2009). Responsibility and reciprocity: Social organization of Mazahua learning practices. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 40, 187-204.
44.
Peele-Eady, T.B. (2011). Constructing membership identity through language and social interaction. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 42, 54-75.
45.
Pelletier, W. (1970). Childhood in an Indian village. In S. Repo (Ed.), This book is about schools. New York: Pantheon Books.
46.
Pérez Martínez, E.F. (2011, February). Supervivencias en prácticas no verbales y verbales en comunidades de herencia cultural mesoamericana. Workshop on History and ICP, Austin, TX.
47.
Polak, B. (2012). Peasants in the making: Bamana children at work. In G. Spittler & M.F.C. Bourdillon (Eds.), African children at work (pp. 87-112). Münster: LIT Verlag.
48.
Polak, B. (2013, April). Cooperation matters: How Malian peasants charge their children with agricultural tasks. Paper presented at the Society for Psychological Anthropology, San Diego, CA.
49.
Reynolds, J.F. (2008). Socializing puros pericos (little parrots): The negotiation of respect and responsibility in Antonero Mayan sibling and peer networks. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 18, 82-107.
50.
Rheingold, H.L. (1982). Little children's participation in the work of adults, a nascent prosocial behavior. Child Development, 53, 114-125.
51.
Roberts, A., & Rogoff, B. (2012). Children's reflections on two cultural ways of working together: “Talking with hands and eyes” or requiring words. International Journal of Educational Psychology, 1, 73-99.
52.
Robles, A. (2012). Participación de niños indígenas mazahuas en la organización familiar del trabajo. Papeles de Trabajo sobre Cultura, Educación y Desarrollo Humano, 8, 1-11.
53.
Rogoff, B. (1996). Developmental transitions in children's participation in sociocultural activities. In A. Sameroff & M. Haith (Eds.), The five to seven year shift (pp. 273-294). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
54.
Rogoff, B. (2003). The cultural nature of human development. New York: Oxford University Press.
55.
Rogoff, B. (2011). Developing destinies: A Mayan midwife and town. New York: Oxford University Press.
56.
Rogoff, B. (in press). Testing-talk or supportive guidance with toddlers. In K.R. Wentzel & G. Ramani (Eds.), Handbook of social influences on social-emotional, motivation, and cognitive outcomes in school contexts. Routledge, Taylor & Francis.
57.
Rogoff, B., Goodman Turkanis, C., & Bartlett, L. (2001). Learning together. New York: Oxford University Press.
58.
Rogoff, B., & Toma, C. (1997). Shared thinking. Discourse Processes, 23, 471-497.
59.
Ruvalcaba, O., Rogoff, B., López, A., Correa-Chávez, M., & Gutiérrez, K. (2013, submitted). Children's consideration of others.
60.
Silva, K., Correa-Chávez, M., & Rogoff, B. (2010). Mexican heritage children's attention and learning from interactions directed to others. Child Development, 81, 898-912.
61.
Silva, K.G., & Rogoff, B. (2013). Teaching children through “little dramas”: Opinions about instructional ribbing from Mexican-Heritage and European American mothers (unpublished manuscript). University of California, Santa Cruz, CA.
62.
Silva, K.G., Shimpi, P.M., & Rogoff, B. (2013). Mayan and middle-class European-American children's attention to surrounding events (unpublished manuscript).
63.
Stearns, R.D. (1986). Using ethnography to link school and community in rural Yucatan. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 17, 6-24.
64.
Suina, J.H., & Smolkin, L.B. (1994). From natal culture to school culture to dominant society culture. In P.M. Greenfield & R.R. Cocking (Eds.), Cross-cultural roots of minority child development (pp. 115-130). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
65.
Thomas, R.K. (1958). Cherokee values and world view (unpublished manuscript). University of North Carolina, NC.
66.
Tsethlikai, M., & Rogoff, B. (2013). Involvement in traditional cultural practices and American Indian children's incidental recall of a folktale. Developmental Psychology, 49, 568-578.
67.
Urrieta, L., Jr. (2013). Familia and comunidad-based saberes: Learning in an Indigenous heritage community. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 44, 320-335.
68.
White, S.H., & Siegel, A.W. (1984). Cognitive development in time and space. In B. Rogoff & J. Lave (Eds.), Everyday cognition (pp. 238-277). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
69.
Wilbert, J. (1979). To become a maker of canoes: An essay in Warao enculturation. In J. Wilbert (Ed.), Enculturation in Latin America (pp. 303-358). Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center Publications.
Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer
Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
You do not currently have access to this content.