It is proposed that much human inference is basically analogical, and the implications of this theory for cognitive development are examined. Analogy entails mapping the problem representation (target) into a structurally similar schema (base), which has been learned through experience. It can help explain some significant reasoning phenomena, such as errors in the four-card problem. The theory is explicated by analysing the processes entailed in transitive inference and class inclusion tasks. Two sources of difficulty that arise in analogical reasoning are (a) mapping problems to inappropriate schemas, and (b) processing loads imposed by mappings. The loads are greater for more complex concepts. A conceptual complexity metric is defined, which distinguishes four levels of structure mapping. The levels increase in flexibility and abstractness, but at the price of increased processing load. The relation of the model to contemporary accounts of reasoning is examined, and it is shown to be consistent with the theory of pragmatic reasoning schemas, and other knowledge-dependent approaches, while maintaining an important role for structure. Implications of the theory for the stage debate and other issues in cognitive development are considered.

Keywords:
Inference, Analogy, Schema, Cognitive development, Processing, Complexity, Mapping, Structure, Transitivity, Class inclusion
This content is only available via PDF.
© 1992 S. Karger AG, Basel
1992
Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer
Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
You do not currently have access to this content.