Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the changes in thyroid hormones in the serum of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and their correlation with insulin resistance. Design: This is a retrospective study. Participants: 84 patients having insulin resistance and 76 patients without insulin resistance were included. 90 women without history of PCOS were selected as a healthy control group. Settings: This study was conducted at Shijiazhuang Fourth Hospital. Methods: Blood samples were collected from each group on days 3–5 of their menstrual cycle, and their triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were analyzed and compared between groups. Results: We investigated the changes of serum thyroid hormones in patients with PCOS and their correlation with insulin resistance. We found that serum levels of T3 and T4 were significantly decreased, while TSH levels were significantly increased in PCOS patients compared with HCs. Moreover, we found that patients with insulin resistance had significantly lower levels of serum T3 and T4 and higher levels of TSH compared to those PCOS participants without insulin resistance. Limitations: This study was a retrospective and single-center study, which had selection bias, information bias, and confounding variables may affect the accuracy and reliability of the conclusion. Conclusions: Insulin resistance negative correlates with their serum T3, T4, and positive correlates with their TSH levels. Our results develop a combined test model with the serum T3, T4, and TSH levels for the clinical diagnosis of insulin resistance in PCOS women.
Journal Section:
Research Article
References
1.
Jungari
M
, Choudhary
A
, Gill
NK
. Comprehensive management of polycystic ovary syndrome: effect of pharmacotherapy, lifestyle modification, and enhanced adherence counseling
. Cureus
. 2023
;15
(2
):e35415
. 2.
Aldhafiri
FK
, Abdelgawad
FE
, Mohamed Bakri
GM
, Saber
T
. Insulin resistance and bone metabolism markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross-sectional study on females from the islamic university medical center
. Med Kaunas
. 2023
;59
(3
):593
. 3.
Koloda
YA
, Denisova
YV
, Podzolkova
NM
. Genetic polymorphisms of reproductive hormones and their receptors in assisted reproduction technology for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
. Drug Metab Pers Ther
. 2021
;37
(2
):111
–22
. 4.
Wang
H
, Cao
H
, Cao
J
, Zhang
L
. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) are predictors of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenaemia in obesity/overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome
. BioMed Res Int
. 2023
;2023
:1508675
. 5.
Islam
H
, Masud
J
, Islam
YN
, Haque
FKM
. An update on polycystic ovary syndrome: a review of the current state of knowledge in diagnosis, genetic etiology, and emerging treatment options
. Womens Health
. 2022
;18
:17455057221117966
. 6.
Lu
YH
, Xia
ZL
, Ma
YY
, Chen
HJ
, Yan
LP
, Xu
HF
. Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with metabolic syndrome and clomiphene citrate resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
. Gynecol Endocrinol
. 2016
;32
(10
):852
–5
. 7.
Enzevaei
A
, Salehpour
S
, Tohidi
M
, Saharkhiz
N
. Subclinical hypothyroidism and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: is there a relationship
. Iran J Reprod Med
. 2014
;12
(7
):481
–6
.8.
Obirikorang
C
, Owiredu
W
, Adu-Afram
S
, Acheampong
E
, Asamoah
EA
, Antwi-Boasiakoh
EK
, et al. Assessing the variability and predictability of adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin and their ratios) in non-obese and obese women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome
. BMC Res Notes
. 2019
;12
(1
):513
. 9.
Ho
CW
, Chen
HH
, Hsieh
MC
, Chen
CC
, Hsu
SP
, Yip
HT
, et al. Increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome and it’s comorbidities in women with autoimmune thyroid disease
. Int J Environ Res Public Health
. 2020
;17
(7
):2422
. 10.
Trummer
C
, Schwetz
V
, Giuliani
A
, Obermayer-Pietsch
B
, Lerchbaum
E
. Impact of elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in polycystic ovary syndrome
. Gynecol Endocrinol
. 2015
;31
(10
):819
–23
. 11.
Khan
MS
, Ameer
H
, Ali
A
, Manzoor
R
, Yang
L
, Feng
R
, et al. Electrochemiluminescence behaviour of silver/silver orthophosphate/graphene oxide quenched by Pd@Au core-shell nanoflowers for ultrasensitive detection of insulin
. Biosens Bioelectron
. 2020
;147
:111767
. 12.
Gurgel
MHC
, Ponte
CMM
, Fontes
R
, Rocha
IV
, Batista
LAA
, Sousa
TCS
, et al. Establishment of reference interval for thyroid-stimulating hormone using electrochemiluminescence assay in a healthy adult population from Fortaleza, Brazil
. Arch Endocrinol Metab
. 2020
;64
(4
):362
–8
. 13.
Safiri
S
, Noori
M
, Nejadghaderi
SA
, Karamzad
N
, Carson-Chahhoud
K
, Sullman
MJM
, et al. Prevalence, incidence and years lived with disability due to polycystic ovary syndrome in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019
. Hum Reprod
. 2022
;37
(8
):1919
–31
. 14.
Lagana
AS
, Forte
G
, Bizzarri
M
, Kamenov
ZA
, Bianco
B
, Kaya
C
, et al. Inositols in the ovaries: activities and potential therapeutic applications
. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol
. 2022
;18
(2
):123
–33
. 15.
Bahceci
E
, Kaya
C
, Karakas
S
, Yildiz
S
, Hosgoren
M
, Ekin
M
. Serum X-box-binding protein 1 levels in PCOS patients
. Gynecol Endocrinol
. 2021
;37
(10
):920
–4
. 16.
Elci
E
, Kaya
C
, Cim
N
, Yildizhan
R
, Elci
GG
. Evaluation of cardiac risk marker levels in obese and non-obese patients with polycystic ovaries
. Gynecol Endocrinol
. 2017
;33
(1
):43
–7
. 17.
Guney
G
, Taskin
MI
, Baykan
O
, Adali
E
, Gul
TS
, Sarikaya
S
, et al. Endotrophin as a novel marker in PCOS and its relation with other adipokines and metabolic parameters: a pilot study
. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab
. 2021
;12
:20420188211049607
. 18.
Harris
HR
, Titus
LJ
, Cramer
DW
, Terry
KL
. Long and irregular menstrual cycles, polycystic ovary syndrome, and ovarian cancer risk in a population-based case-control study
. Int J Cancer
. 2017
;140
(2
):285
–91
. 19.
Abdalla
MA
, Shah
N
, Deshmukh
H
, Sahebkar
A
, Ostlundh
L
, Al-Rifai
RH
, et al. Impact of pharmacological interventions on biochemical hyperandrogenemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
. Arch Gynecol Obstet
. 2023
;307
(5
):1347
–76
. 20.
Haddad-Filho
H
, Tosatti
JAG
, Vale
FM
, Gomes
KB
, Reis
FM
. Updates in diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome-related infertility
. Expert Rev Mol Diagn
. 2023
;23
(2
):123
–32
. 21.
Spritzer
PM
, Barone
CR
, Oliveira
FB
. Hirsutism in polycystic ovary syndrome: pathophysiology and management
. Curr Pharm Des
. 2016
;22
(36
):5603
–13
. 22.
Urjumelashvili
M
, Kristesashvili
J
, Asanidze
E
. Homocysteine level in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome with and without insulin resistance
. Georgian Med News
. 2022
(331
):72
–7
.23.
Zheng
Y
, Yin
G
, Chen
F
, Lin
L
, Chen
Y
. Evaluation of triglyceride glucose index and homeostasis model of insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
. Int J Womens Health
. 2022
;14
:1821
–9
. 24.
Tong
C
, Wu
Y
, Zhang
L
, Yu
Y
. Insulin resistance, autophagy and apoptosis in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: association with PI3K signaling pathway
. Front Endocrinol
. 2022
;13
:1091147
. 25.
Chen
Y
, Zhang
Q
, Ma
J
, Yu
Y
: Mapping research trends of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome from 2017 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis
. Front Endocrinol
. 2022
;13
:963213
.26.
Hall
JE
, Taylor
AE
, Hayes
FJ
, Crowley
WF
Jr. Insights into hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome
. J Endocrinol Invest
. 1998
;21
(9
):602
–11
. 27.
Layacha
SY
, Biswas
DA
. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a review of susceptibility to type 2 diabetes
. Cureus
. 2023
;15
(1
):e33390
. 28.
Zhao
H
, Zhang
J
, Cheng
X
, Nie
X
, He
B
. Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome across various tissues: an updated review of pathogenesis, evaluation, and treatment
. J Ovarian Res
. 2023
;16
(1
):9
. © 2024 S. Karger AG, Basel
Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer
Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
2024
You do not currently have access to this content.
