Abstract
Introduction: The efficiency of the cardiovascular system to recover following an exercise bout is measured by oxygen (VO2) recovery kinetics. In older adults with a chronic disease, a higher aerobic capacity (VO2peak) and faster VO2 recovery kinetics are associated with higher muscle strength and physical capacity. Yet, this relationship in healthy older adults remains unclear. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether a higher VO2peak and faster VO2 recovery kinetics are associated with higher muscle strength and physical performance in healthy community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Thirty-five healthy older adults (female 25/male 10, mean age 73 ± 6 years) performed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer. VO2peak and VO2 recovery kinetics were assessed through gas exchange analysis. Muscle strength was determined by maximal leg (one-repetition maximum on leg press; 1RM) and grip strength, and physical performance was determined by the physical performance test (PPT) which assessed gait speed, stair ascent and descent, and timed up-and-go. Results: Higher VO2peak was associated with stronger leg (r = 0.59, p < 0.001) and grip strength (r = 0.39, p < 0.03), but no relationship to PPT (p > 0.05). There was also no relationship between VO2 recovery kinetics and leg and grip strength or PPT (p > 0.05). Conclusion: In healthy community-dwelling older adults, VO2peak, but not VO2 recovery kinetics, is associated with muscle strength. This suggests that muscle strength may be an important factor related to aerobic capacity that could assist in identifying older adults who should be prioritized for resistance training.
Journal Section:
Clinical Section: Research Article
References
1.
McPake
B
, Mahal
A
. Addressing the needs of an aging population in the health system: the Australian case
. Health Syst Reform
. 2017
;3
:236
–47
.2.
Woessner
MN
, Hiam
D
, Smith
C
, Lin
X
, Zarekookandeh
N
, Tacey
A
. Osteoglycin across the adult lifespan
. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
. 2021
;107
(4
):e1426
–33
.3.
Aoyagi
Y
, Shephard
RJ
. Aging and muscle function
. Sports Med
. 1992
;14
(6
):376
–96
.4.
Deschenes
MR
. Effects of aging on muscle fibre type and size
. Sports Med
. 2004
;34
(12
):809
–24
.5.
Harman
D
. The aging process: major risk factor for disease and death
. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
. 1991
;88
(12
):5360
–3
.6.
Cruz-Jentoft
AJ
, Landi
F
, Topinková
E
, Michel
JP
. Understanding sarcopenia as a geriatric syndrome
. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care
. 2010
;13
(1
):1
–7
.7.
Morley
JE
, Abbatecola
AM
, Argiles
JM
, Baracos
V
, Bauer
J
, Bhasin
S
. Sarcopenia with limited mobility: an international consensus
. J Am Med Dir Assoc
. 2011
;12
(6
):403
–9
.8.
Viret
O
, Schwarz
J
, Senn
N
, Mueller
Y
. Discussing age-related functional decline in family medicine: a qualitative study that explores both patient and physician perceptions
. Age Ageing
. 2019
;49
(2
):292
–9
.9.
Janssen
I
, Heymsfield
SB
, Ross
R
. Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability
. J Am Geriatr Soc
. 2002
;50
(5
):889
–96
.10.
Macrotrends. Australia
Life expectancy 1950-2022 macrotrends. United Nations - World Population Prospects
. 2022
.11.
Beltz
NM
, Gibson
AL
, Janot
JM
, Kravitz
L
, Mermier
CM
, Dalleck
LC
. Graded exercise testing protocols for the determination of VO(2)max: historical perspectives, progress, and future considerations
. J Sports Med
. 2016
;2016
:3968393
.12.
Rao
AK
, Chou
A
, Bursley
B
, Smulofsky
J
, Jezequel
J
. Systematic review of the effects of exercise on activities of daily living in people with Alzheimer’s disease
. Am J Occup Ther
. 2014
;68
(1
):50
–6
.13.
Sebastião
E
, Pilutti
LA
, Motl
RW
. Aerobic fitness and instrumental activities of daily living in people with multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study
. Int J MS Care
. 2019
;21
(1
):23
–8
.14.
Penninx
BWJH
, Messier
SP
, Rejeski
WJ
, Williamson
JD
, DiBari
M
, Cavazzini
C
. Physical exercise and the prevention of disability in activities of daily living in older persons with osteoarthritis
. Arch Intern Med
. 2001
;161
(19
):2309
–16
.15.
Alexander
NB
, Dengel
DR
, Olson
RJ
, Krajewski
KM
. Oxygen-Uptake (VO2) kinetics and functional mobility performance in impaired older adults
. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
. 2003
58
8
M734
9
.16.
Hummel
SL
, Herald
J
, Alpert
C
, Gretebeck
KA
, Champoux
WS
, Dengel
DR
. Submaximal oxygen uptake kinetics, functional mobility, and physical activity in older adults with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction
. J Geriatr Cardiol
. 2016
;13
(5
):450
–7
.17.
Zavin
A
, Arena
R
, Joseph
J
, Allsup
K
, Daniels
K
, Schulze
PC
. Dynamic assessment of ventilatory efficiency during recovery from peak exercise to enhance cardiopulmonary exercise testing
. Eur J Prev Cardiol
. 2013
;20
(5
):779
–85
.18.
Jackson
AS
, Ross
RM
. Methods and limitations of assessing functional work capacity objectively
. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil
. 1996
;6
(3
):265
–76
.19.
Marcora
SM
, Staiano
W
, Manning
V
. Mental fatigue impairs physical performance in humans
. J Appl Physiol
. 2009
;106
(3
):857
–64
.20.
Swank
AM
, Horton
J
, Fleg
JL
, Fonarow
GC
, Keteyian
S
, Goldberg
L
. Modest increase in peak VO2 is related to better clinical outcomes in chronic heart failure patients: results from heart failure and a controlled trial to investigate outcomes of exercise training
. Circ Heart Fail
. 2012
;5
(5
):579
–85
.21.
Smith
C
, Lin
X
, Scott
D
, Brennan-Speranza
TC
, Al Saedi
A
, Moreno-Asso
A
. Uncovering the bone-muscle interaction and its implications for the health and function of older adults (the wellderly project): protocol for a randomized controlled crossover trial
. JMIR Res Protoc
. 2021
;10
(4
):e18777
.22.
Schulz
KF
, Altman
DG
, Moher
D
. CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
. J Pharmacol Pharmacother
. 2010 Jul
1
2
100
7
.23.
Krleza-Jerić
K
, Lemmens
T
. 7th revision of the Declaration of Helsinki: good news for the transparency of clinical trials
. Croat Med J
. 2009
;50
(2
):105
–10
.24.
Levinger
I
, Goodman
C
, Hare
DL
, Jerums
G
, Selig
S
. The effect of resistance training on functional capacity and quality of life in individuals with high and low numbers of metabolic risk factors
. Diabetes Care
. 2007
;30
(9
):2205
–10
.25.
Fung
E
, Ting Lui
L
, Gustafsson
F
, Yau
FC
, Leung
JC
, Wiklund
P
. Predicting 10-year mortality in older adults using VO2max, oxygen uptake efficiency slope and frailty class
. Eur J Prev Cardiol
. 2021
;28
(10
):1148
–51
.26.
Mikkelsen
N
, Cadarso-Suárez
C
, Lado-Baleato
O
, Díaz-Louzao
C
, Gil
CP
, Reeh
J
. Improvement in VO2peak predicts readmissions for cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation
. Eur J Prev Cardiol
. 2020
;27
(8
):811
–9
.27.
Giuliano
C
, Levinger
I
, Vogrin
S
, Neil
CJ
, Allen
JD
. PRIME-HF: novel exercise for older patients with heart failure. A pilot randomized controlled study
. J Am Geriatr Soc
. 2020
;68
(9
):1954
–61
.28.
Spruit
MA
, Wouters
EFM
, Eterman
R-MA
, Meijer
K
, Wagers
SS
, Stakenborg
KHP
. Task-related oxygen uptake and symptoms during activities of daily life in CHF patients and healthy subjects
. Eur J Appl Physiol
. 2011
;111
(8
):1679
–86
.© 2023 S. Karger AG, Basel
Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer
Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
2023
You do not currently have access to this content.
