...); another is the environmental constraints hypothesis in which wild ones should have the preference to the backside for removing external parasites in the face-to-back position. Our aim is that this preliminary study with a 2 by 2 comparison may shed light onto the social grooming of the two Pan species...

... . Table 3. Summary of fossil ape environments showing type of evidence for reconstructing environments and the environmental reconstructions [email protected] There are three ways by which the last common ancestor (LCA) of apes and humans can be reconstructed: one is to work...

... will focus on 2 specific questions, both prominent in the existing literature (see above): (a) whether there is a ‘typical' environment for each species and how they differ, and (b) how much environmental variability there is within each taxon's range and how it is organised, particularly with respect...