Objectives: The Developmental Profile of Social Communication (DPSC) is based on the communication and language development in children with social communication difficulties. DPSC facilitates understanding of the challenges these children face in social interaction, communication, and linguistic development. It utilizes clinician and parent responses to build the developmental profiles of individuals. The profile allows clinicians to determine the therapeutic goals for improved cooperation and communication in various contexts. In addition, it provides insight into the parents’ perspective. The aim of this study is to present the preliminary results of the DPSC in typically developing Greek children. Methods: The DPSC, a 112-item questionnaire, was administered to 357 parents of typically developing children aged 2–7.5 years using a 3-scale rating of answers. It was applied electronically via Google forms, and parents were able to ask for clarification on questions. All answers were categorized and then analyzed under independent variables. Results: Descriptive and hypothesis testing were used to summarize participant characteristics and performance. Findings suggest that children >7.5 years tended to develop most of the rated skills of DPSC adequately. Conclusions: It was determined that the DPSC questionnaire is an easily administered tool that enables the evaluation of the social communication abilities of children of different ages.

1.
Dawson
G
.
Early behavioral intervention, brain plasticity, and the prevention of autism spectrum disorder
.
Dev Psychopathol
.
2008
;
20
(
3
):
775
803
.
[PubMed]
0954-5794
2.
Shevell
MI
.
Present conceptualization of early childhood neurodevelopmental disabilities
.
J Child Neurol
.
2010
Jan
;
25
(
1
):
120
6
.
[PubMed]
0883-0738
3.
American Psychiatric Association
.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
. 4th ed.
Washington (DC)
:
American Psychiatric Association
;
1994
.
4.
Oberklaid
F
,
Efron
D
.
Developmental delay—identification and management
.
Aust Fam Physician
.
2005
Sep
;
34
(
9
):
739
42
.
[PubMed]
0300-8495
5.
American Academy of Pediatrics
.
Section on Ophthalmology, Council on Children with Disabilities, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American Association of Certified Orthoptists, Joint Statement-Learning Disabilities, Dyslexia and Vision
.
Pediatrics
.
2009
;
•••
:
124
837
.0031-4005
6.
Baker
M
,
Schafer
G
,
Alcock
KJ
,
Bartlett
S
.
A parentally administered cognitive development assessment for children from 10 to 24 months
.
Infant Behav Dev
.
2013
Apr
;
36
(
2
):
279
87
.
[PubMed]
0163-6383
7.
Abo El Elella
SS
,
Tawfik
MA
,
Abo El Fotoh
WM
,
Barseem
NF
.
Screening for developmental delay in preschool-aged children using parent-completed Ages and Stages Questionnaires: additional insights into child development
.
Postgrad Med J
.
2017
Oct
;
93
(
1104
):
597
602
.
[PubMed]
0032-5473
8.
Cattell
RB
.
Personality and motivation structure and measurement
.
World Book Co.
;
1957
.
9.
Carpenter
M
,
Nagell
K
,
Tomasello
M
.
Social cognition, joint attention, and communicative competence from 9 to 15 months of age.
Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 255.
1998
; 63:1–143.
10.
Adamson
LB
,
Chance
SE
. Coordinating attention to people, objects, and language. In:
Wetherby
AM
,
Warren
SF
,
Reichle
J
, editors
.
Transitions in prelinguistic communication
.
Volume 7
.
1998
. pp.
15
37
.
11.
Brooks
R
,
Meltzoff
AN
.
The importance of eyes: how infants interpret adult looking behavior
.
Dev Psychol
.
2002
Nov
;
38
(
6
):
958
66
.
[PubMed]
0012-1649
12.
Kristen
S
,
Sodian
B
,
Thoermer
C
,
Perst
H
.
Infants’ joint attention skills predict toddlers’ emerging mental state language
.
Dev Psychol
.
2011
Sep
;
47
(
5
):
1207
19
.
[PubMed]
0012-1649
13.
Charman
T
,
Baron-Cohen
S
,
Swettenham
J
,
Baird
G
,
Cox
A
,
Drew
A
.
Testing joint attention, imitation, and play as infancy precursors to language and theory of mind
.
Cogn Dev
.
2000
;
15
(
4
):
481
98
. 0885-2014
14.
Schaffer
HR
.
Social development
.
Blackwell Publishing
;
1996
.
15.
Cochet
H
,
Byrne
RW
.
Communication in the second and third year of life: relationships between nonverbal social skills and language
.
Infant Behav Dev
.
2016
Aug
;
44
:
189
98
.
[PubMed]
0163-6383
16.
Toth
K
,
Munson
J
,
Meltzoff
AN
,
Dawson
G
.
Early predictors of communication development in young children with autism spectrum disorder: joint attention, imitation, and toy play
.
J Autism Dev Disord
.
2006
Nov
;
36
(
8
):
993
1005
.
[PubMed]
0162-3257
17.
Meltzoff
AN
,
Moore
MK
.
Imitation of facial and manual gestures by human neonates
.
Science
.
1977
Oct
;
198
(
4312
):
75
8
.
[PubMed]
0036-8075
18.
Carver
LJ
.
A mosaic of nine-month-olds’ memories: Looking time, ERP, and elicited imitation measures.
Poster presented at the
biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development
.
Indianapolis
:
1995
.
19.
Meltzoff
AN
.
Infant imitation and memory: nine-month-olds in immediate and deferred tests
.
Child Dev
.
1988
Feb
;
59
(
1
):
217
25
.
[PubMed]
0009-3920
20.
Meltzoff
AN
.
Origins of theory of mind, cognition and communication
.
J Commun Disord
.
1999
Jul-Aug
;
32
(
4
):
251
69
.
[PubMed]
0021-9924
21.
Bates
E
,
Benigni
L
,
Bretherton
I
,
Camaioni
L
,
Volterra
V
.
The emergence of symbols: Cognition and communication in infancy
.
New York
:
Academic Press
;
1999
.
22.
Bullowa
M
.
The Beginning of Interpersonal Communication
.
Cambridge
:
Cambridge University Press
;
1979
.
23.
Seibert
J
,
Hogan
A
,
Mundy
P
. Assessing Interactional Competencies: The Early Social-Communication Scales. Inf Mental Hlth J.
1982
. Vol. 3; No. 4.
24.
Bloom
L
.
The transition from infancy to language: Acquiring the power of expression
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
;
1993
. pp.
21
34
.
25.
Lifter
K
,
Bloom
L
. Intentionality and the role of play in the transition to language. In: Wetherby AM, S. Warren F, Reichle J. (eds). Transitions in prelinguistic communication. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co;
1998
. Vol. 7; pp. 161–195.
26.
Piaget
J
.
Play, dreams, and imitation in childhood
.
New York
:
Norton
;
1952
.
27.
McCune
L
.
A normative study of representational play at the transition to language
.
Dev Psychol
.
1995
;
31
(
2
):
198
206
. 0012-1649
28.
Ungerer
JA
,
Sigman
M
.
The relation of play and sensorimotor behavior to language in the second year
.
Child Dev
.
1984
Aug
;
55
(
4
):
1448
55
.
[PubMed]
0009-3920
29.
Clift
S
,
Stagnitti
K
,
Demello
L
.
A validational study of the test of pretend play using correlational and classificational analyses
.
Child Lang Teach The.
1988
;
14
(
2
):
199
209
.
30.
Doswell
G
,
Lewis
V
,
Sylva
K
,
Boucher
J
.
Validational data on the Warwick Symbolic Play Test
.
Eur J Disord Commun
.
1994
;
29
(
3
):
289
98
.
[PubMed]
0963-7273
31.
Lewis
V
,
Boucher
J
,
Lupton
L
,
Watson
S
.
Relationships between symbolic play, functional play, verbal and non-verbal ability in young children
.
Int J Lang Commun Disord
.
2000
Jan-Mar
;
35
(
1
):
117
27
.
[PubMed]
1368-2822
32.
O ’ Reilly A W, Painter K M, Bornstein M H. Relations betweenLanguage and Symbolic Gesture Development in Early Childhood
.
Cogn Dev
.
1997
;
12
:
185
97
. 0885-2014
33.
Thal
DJ
,
Bates
E
,
Goodman
J
,
Jahn-Samilo
J
.
Continuity of language abilities: an exploratory study of late and early talking toddlers
.
Dev Neuropsychol
.
1997
;
13
(
3
):
239
73
. 8756-5641
34.
Herlihy
L
,
Knoch
K
,
Vibert
B
,
Fein
D
.
Parents’ first concerns about toddlers with autism spectrum disorder: effect of sibling status
.
Autism
.
2015
Jan
;
19
(
1
):
20
8
.
[PubMed]
1362-3613
35.
Suma
K
,
Adamson
LB
,
Bakeman
R
,
Robins
DL
,
Abrams
DN
.
After early autism diagnosis: changes in intervention and parent–child interaction
.
J Autism Dev Disord
.
2016
Aug
;
46
(
8
):
2720
33
.
[PubMed]
0162-3257
36.
Bruner
J
.
Child’s talk: Learning to use language
.
New York (NY)
:
W. W. Norton
;
1983
.
37.
Mundy
P
,
Block
J
,
Delgado
C
,
Pomares
Y
,
Van Hecke
AV
,
Parlade
MV
.
Individual differences and the development of joint attention in infancy
.
Child Dev
.
2007
May-Jun
;
78
(
3
):
938
54
.
[PubMed]
0009-3920
38.
Bottema-Beutel
K
.
Associations between joint attention and language in autism spectrum disorder and typical development: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis
.
Autism Res
.
2016
Oct
;
9
(
10
):
1021
35
.
[PubMed]
1939-3792
39.
Mundy
P
,
Delgado
C
,
Hogan
A
.
A manual for the abridged Early Social Communication Scales (ESCS). Miami FL: Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 2003. Adamson L, Bakeman R, Robins D, Suma K. An Expanded View of Joint Attention: Skill, Engagement, and Language in Typical Development and Autism
.
Child Dev
.
2019
;
90
(
1
).0009-3920
40.
Adamson
LB
,
Bakeman
R
,
Suma
K
,
Robins
DL
.
An Expanded View of Joint Attention: Skill, Engagement, and Language in Typical Development and Autism
.
Child Dev
.
2019
Jan
;
90
(
1
):
e1
18
.
[PubMed]
0009-3920
41.
Bowen
C
.
Children’s speech sound disorders
. 2nd ed.
Chichester
:
Wiley Blackwell
;
2015
.
42.
Baker
E
,
Croot
K
,
McLeod
S
,
Paul
R
.
Psycholinguistic models of speech development and their application to clinical practice
.
J Speech Lang Hear Res
.
2001
Jun
;
44
(
3
):
685
702
.
[PubMed]
1092-4388
43.
Levelt
WJ
.
Models of word production
.
Trends Cogn Sci
.
1999
Jun
;
3
(
6
):
223
32
.
[PubMed]
1364-6613
44.
Waring
R
,
Rickard Liow
S
,
Eadie
P
,
Dodd
B
.
Speech development in preschool children: evaluating the contribution of phonological short-term and phonological working memory
.
J Child Lang
.
2019
Jul
;
46
(
4
):
632
52
.
[PubMed]
0305-0009
45.
Nijland
L
,
Terband
H
,
Maassen
B
.
Cognitive functions in childhood apraxia of speech
.
J Speech Lang Hear Res
.
2015
Jun
;
58
(
3
):
550
65
.
[PubMed]
1092-4388
46.
Torrington Eaton
C
,
Ratner
NB
.
An exploration of the role of executive functions in preschoolers’ phonological development
.
Clin Linguist Phon
.
2016
;
30
(
9
):
679
95
.
[PubMed]
0269-9206
47.
Jacquemot
C
,
Scott
SK
.
What is the relationship between phonological short-term memory and speech processing?
Trends Cogn Sci
.
2006
Nov
;
10
(
11
):
480
6
.
[PubMed]
1364-6613
48.
Pierce
LJ
,
Genesee
F
,
Delcenserie
A
,
Morgan
G
.
Variations in phonological working memory: linking early language experiences and language learning outcomes
.
Appl Psycholinguist
.
2017
;
38
(
6
):
1265
300
. 0142-7164
49.
Kanner L. Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child. 1943;2:217–250.
50.
Mody
M
,
Manoach
DS
,
Guenther
FH
,
Kenet
T
,
Bruno
KA
,
McDougle
CJ
, et al.
Speech and language in autism spectrum disorder: a view through the lens of behaviour and brain imaging
.
Future Medicine Ltd Neuropsychiatry
.
2013
;
3
(
2
):
223
32
.
51.
Wei
X
,
Wagner
M
,
Christiano
ER
,
Shattuck
P
,
Yu
JW
.
Special education services received by students with autism spectrum dis- orders from preschool through high school
.
J Spec Educ
.
2014
Nov
;
48
(
3
):
167
79
.
[PubMed]
0022-4669
52.
Zajic
MC
,
McIntyre
N
,
Swain-Lerro
L
,
Novotny
S
,
Oswald
T
,
Mundy
P
.
Attention and written expression in school-age, high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorders
.
Autism
.
2018
Apr
;
22
(
3
):
245
58
.
[PubMed]
1362-3613
53.
Jones
CR
,
Happé
F
,
Golden
H
,
Marsden
AJ
,
Tregay
J
,
Simonoff
E
, et al.
Reading and arithmetic in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: peaks and dips in attainment
.
Neuropsychology
.
2009
Nov
;
23
(
6
):
718
28
.
[PubMed]
0894-4105
54.
Ricketts
J
,
Jones
CR
,
Happé
F
,
Charman
T
.
Reading comprehension in autism spectrum disorders: the role of oral language and social functioning
.
J Autism Dev Disord
.
2013
Apr
;
43
(
4
):
807
16
.
[PubMed]
0162-3257
55.
Randi
J
,
Newman
T
,
Grigorenko
EL
.
Teaching children with autism to read for meaning: challenges and possibilities
.
J Autism Dev Disord
.
2010
Jul
;
40
(
7
):
890
902
.
[PubMed]
0162-3257
56.
Whitby
PJ
,
Travers
JC
,
Harnik
J
.
Academic achievement and strategy instruction to support the learning of children with high-functioning autism
.
Beyond Behav
.
2009
;
19
:
3
9
.1074-2956
57.
MacArthur
CA
,
Graham
S
,
Fitzgerald
J
.
Handbook of Writing Research
.
New York
:
Guilford Press
;
2015
.
58.
Hayes
JR
.
Modeling and remodeling writing
.
Writ Commun
.
2012
;
29
(
3
):
369
88
. 0741-0883
59.
Vogindroukas
I
,
Grigoriadou
E
,
Kampouroglou
M
.
Test of Receptive and Expressive Language Abilities
.
Greece
:
Glafki Publications
;
2009
.
60.
Rubio
DM
,
Berg-Weger
M
,
Tebb
SS
,
Lee
ES
,
Rauch
S
.
Objectifying content validity: conducting a content validity study in social work research
.
Soc Work Res
.
2003
;
27
(
2
):
94
104
. 1070-5309
61.
Lawshe
CH
.
A quantitative approach to content validity 1
.
Person Psychol
.
1975
;
28
(
4
):
563
75
. 0031-5826
62.
Vogindroukas
I
,
Chelas
E
. Developmental Profile of Social Communication- Model of Circles: Better understanding of social communication deficit in developmental disorders
2016
. 30th World congress IALP. Dublin.
63.
Johnson
SC
.
The recognition of mentalistic agents in infancy
.
Trends Cogn Sci
.
2000
Jan
;
4
(
1
):
22
8
.
[PubMed]
1364-6613
64.
Pratt
C
,
Bryant
P
.
Young children understanding that looking leads to knowing (so long as they are looking into a single barrel)
.
Child Dev
.
1990
Aug
;
61
(
4
):
973
82
.
[PubMed]
0009-3920
65.
Tager-Flusberg
H
. What language reveals about the understanding of minds in children with autism. In:
Baron-Cohen
S
,
Tager-Flusberg
H
,
Cohen
DJ
, editors
.
Understanding other minds: perspectives from autism
.
Oxford University Press
;
1993
.
66.
Whiten
A
.
Natural theories of mind
.
Oxford
:
Basil Blackwell
;
1991
.
Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer
Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
You do not currently have access to this content.