Abstract
Objective: To develop a small animal model for fetoscopy. Methods: In 12 time-dated pregnant rabbits at 22 days’ gestational age (term 32 days) one amniotic sac in each uterine horn (n = 24) was used for a fetoscopic procedure. After laparotomy, a 2- to 3-mm microsurgical myometrial incision was made to expose the chorionic and amniotic membrane. Under microscopic control, a 2-mm needle was inserted into the amniotic sac. Through this a 1.2-mm endoscope was passed to carry out fetoscopy during maximally 10 min, using 5–10 ml saline amnioinfusion. Mean outcome measurements were ability to visualize the placenta, umbilical cord and the different fetal elements during fetoscopy, as well as fetal survival and weight at second-look operation at 30 days. The untreated amniotic sacs served as negative controls. Results: In all cases, fetoscopy could be carried out successfully, and all fetuses survived till delivery without significant influence on fetal birth weight. Conclusion: The midgestational rabbit can be used to perform fetoscopy.