...B. Guillonneau; C.C. Abbou; J.D. Doublet; R. Gaston; G. Janetschek; A. Mandressi; J.J. Rassweiler; G. Vallancien Purpose: To propose a scoring system of difficulties for the most currently performed laparoscopic procedures in urology. Materials and Methods: Each current laparoscopic procedure has...

... and to accommodate the inevitable changes. Faced with this challenge, the EAU, through its Strategy Planning Office (SPO), has prepared a document which is offered, here, in abbreviated form, to the European and international urological communities for general consideration. Material and Methods: A group of subjects...

... of the century new procedures for stress incontinence were introduced and became standard clinical procedures. Other modern techniques, e.g. artificial sphincters or electrostimulation, were alternatives developed in urology during the second half of our century. This article from the history of medicine...

... in evaluating urology residents. Material and Methods: 20 urology residents rotated through a circuit of five standardized patient–based OSCE stations of 10 min duration. The selection of problems was based on educational objectives of urology residency programs. Written questionnaires based on Likert–type...

.... Urology Kidney Nephrectomy Mortality Complications Nephrectomy is a common procedure in the surgical practice. For radical as well as for simple nephrectomy, there were only minor changes in regard to the approach and surgical technique until the early 1990s when nephrectomy by minimal...

... as an academic speciality. The life and work of Johannes Scultetus, with reference to urologic aspects, is outlined in this article. Until the 19th century, surgical procedures were mainly performed by barber surgeons, who were lacking an academic education and were rather craftsmen and members of a guild...