...Gerd Krause; Anja Eckstein; Ralf Schülein Autoimmune thyroid-stimulating antibodies are activating the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) in both the thyroid and the eye, but different molecular mechanisms are induced in both organs, leading to Graves’ disease (GD) and Graves’ orbitopathy (GO...

... research both from the perspective of “what is known” and of methodologies for its investigation. It then summarises the evidence for a role for the microbiome in the pathogenesis of Graves’ disease and Graves’ orbitopathy with reference to animal models and studies in human cohorts, from both published...

...Luigi Bartalena; Wilmar M. Wiersinga Standardization of treatment outcomes in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for active, moderate-to-severe Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is needed to make results of different RCTs comparable and to draw sound conclusions on the efficacy of a given treatment. Both...

...Alan Chun Hong Lee; George J. Kahaly Background: Both Graves’ hyperthyroidism (GH) and Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) are associated with significant adverse health consequences. All conventional treatment options have limitations regarding efficacy and safety. Most importantly, they do not specifically...

...Elena Hoppe; Alan Chun Hong Lee; David Hoppe; George J. Kahaly Objectives: To investigate the predictive factors for changes in the quality of life (GO-QoL) of patients with Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) prior to and after specific treatment. Methods: A prospective follow-up study was conducted...

... decompression for a bilateral Graves’ orbitopathy (GO). The patient complained of a monolateral, untreated dermopathy, affecting the left leg and hand. At physical examination the skin of the left pretibial area and of the dorsal surface of the left hand appeared red and thickened, with an orange peel aspect...

... options: “as long as antithyroid medication is needed,” “years,” or “indefinitely.” Selenium supplementation Graves’ disease Graves’ orbitopathy Graves’ disease treatment Questionnaire European Thyroid Association © 2018 European Thyroid Association Published by S. Karger AG, Basel...

..., instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Graves’ hyperthyroidism Management Antithyroid drugs Radioiodine therapy Thyroidectomy Graves’ orbitopathy Hyperthyroidism occurs due to an inappropriately high synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone (TH...

...Elena Sabini; Ilaria Ionni; Roberto Rocchi; Paolo Vitti; Claudio Marcocci; Michele Marinò Background: Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is believed to be the consequence of autoimmunity against antigens that are present both in the thyroid and orbital tissues. Massive release of thyroid antigens causes...

...Elena Sabini; Marenza Leo; Barbara Mazzi; Roberto Rocchi; Francesco Latrofa; Marco Nardi; Paolo Vitti; Claudio Marcocci; Michele Marinò Objectives: There is a general belief that Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is a “chronic” disease, namely that patients’ eyes do not return to how they were before GO...

... for Graves' hyperthyroidism in the presence of moderate-severe Graves' orbitopathy (GO) remains controversial. Objectives: We aimed to compare GO course in patients with moderate-severe GO treated with early total thyroidectomy (TTx) versus antithyroid drug (ATD) regimens, in a prospective, randomized manner...

...Luigi Bartalena; Lelio Baldeschi; Kostas Boboridis; Anja Eckstein; George J. Kahaly; Claudio Marcocci; Petros Perros; Mario Salvi; Wilmar M. Wiersinga; on behalf of the European Group on Graves'' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is the main extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves...

...Luigi Bartalena Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is the most frequent and invalidating extrathyroidal expression of Graves' disease. Its incidence and prevalence are, however, low. About three quarters of Graves' patients have no GO at diagnosis, and moderate-to-severe and severe forms represent no more...

...C. Daumerie; A. Boschi; P. Perros The pathogenesis of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) remains unknown. The hypothesis of a causal relationship between autoimmunity against the TSH receptor (TSHR) and GO is supported by clinical studies. Radioiodine treatment is associated with worsening or new onset of GO...

... for mild Graves’ orbitopathy. In rats rendered thyrotoxic by L -thyroxine administration, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, was significantly higher than in control euthyroid animals [ 10 ]. In the same animals, erythrocyte antioxidant parameters (SOD, GPx) were also...