...Alireza Emadi; Sara Halakoo; Cyrus Taghizadeh Delkhoush; Fatemeh Ehsani Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurological disorder in societies. The most common symptoms in patients with MS are gait disorders and spasticity. Pharmacological therapies have mild therapeutic influence...

...Lourdes López de Munain; Josep Valls-Solé; Irene Garcia Pascual; Pascal Maisonobe; on behalf of the VALGAS investigators group Introduction: Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for adult lower limb spasticity. However, data are inadequate to determine BoNT...

...Kenta Fujimura; Hitoshi Kagaya; Hisae Onaka; Nao Nagasawa; Akihito Ishihara; Yuki Okochi; Masayuki Yamada; Hiroki Tanikawa; Yoshikiyo Kanada; Eiichi Saitoh Background: Treatment with Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is effective in decreasing upper limb spasticity. Objective: This study aimed...

...Hai-Qiao Wang; Mei Hou; Chun-Ling Bao; Liang Min; He Li Background and Purpose: Lower limb spasticity is often a significant problem in stoke rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture treatment on lower limb spasticity in patients following hemorrhagic...

...Patrick Vermersch; Maria Trojano Background: Tetrahydrocannabinol:cannabidiol (THC:CBD) oromucosal spray (Sativex®) is an add-on therapy for moderate-to-severe multiple sclerosis (MS)-related drug-resistant spasticity (MSS). Aim: The MOVE-2 EU study collected data from everyday clinical practice...

...Maria Trojano; Carlos Vila Background: The prospective, non-interventional Mobility Improvement (MOVE) 2 study was designed to provide real life data on clinical outcomes of patients with treatment-resistant multiple sclerosis (MS) spasticity receiving routine treatment with tetrahydrocannabinol...

...Naoki Yamada; Wataru Kakuda; Takahiro Kondo; Sugao Mitani; Masato Shimizu; Masahiro Abo Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether local injection of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) into the spastic muscles has any added benefits to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation...

...Valerie L. Stevenson Ambulation Intrathecal baclofen Multiple sclerosis Spasticity Many patients with severe multiple sclerosis (MS)-related spasticity have an inadequate response or poor tolerability to oral antispasticity medications. Before taking the decision to escalate therapy...

... for THC:CBD oromucosal spray (Sativex®) in patients with treatment-resistant MS spasticity have been collected in post-marketing safety registries from the UK and Germany, a safety study from Spain and two observational studies from Germany, including one investigating its effects on driving ability...

...Oscar Fernández Background: Most patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience spasticity as the clinical course evolves. Associated symptoms include (often painful) spasms, urinary dysfunction and sleep disturbances. THC:CBD oromucosal spray (Sativex®) is approved for symptom improvement...

...Maria Trojano; Elisabeth G. Celius; Cecile Donzé; Guillermo Izquierdo; Francesco Patti; Dieter Pöhlau Background: Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) spasticity present with a range of symptoms and disability levels that are frequently challenging to manage. Summary : Clinical case reviews...

...Peter Flachenecker; Thomas Henze; Uwe K. Zettl Background: Nabiximols (Sativex®), in a cannabinoid-based oromucosal spray, is an add-on therapy option for patients with moderate to severe multiple sclerosis spasticity (MSS) resistant to other medications. The study objective was to provide long...

...Peter Flachenecker; Thomas Henze; Uwe K. Zettl Background: Nabiximols (Sativex®), a cannabinoid-based oromucosal spray, is an add-on therapy for patients with moderate to severe multiple sclerosis spasticity (MSS) resistant to other medications. The primary objective was to provide real-life...

... patients is important to provide examples of therapy to specific patient types. In this article, real-life data from clinical practice showing specific aspects relating to use of 9-delta-tetrahydocannabinol and cannabidiol (THC:CBD) oromucosal spray (Sativex®) in patients with moderate to severe spasticity...

...Carlo Pozzilli References 1. Shakespeare DT, Boggild M, Young C: Anti-spasticity agents for multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;4:CD001332. 2. Hemmett L, Holmes J, Barnes M, Russell N: What drives quality of life in multiple sclerosis? QJM 2004;97:671-676. 3. Rizzo MA...

...Tiina Rekand New clinical experience with 9-delta-tetrahydocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) oromucosal spray (Sativex®) involving more than an additional 1,000 patients with MS spasticity (approximately 150 in clinical studies and 900 in post-marketing surveillance studies) have become...

...W. Cendrowski; W. Sobczyk 25 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other spastic disorders, 33 MS patients and 10 control patients with MS were given clonazepam, baclofen or placebo over a period of 5 days to 20 weeks. Both clonazepam and baclofen were significantly more effective than placebo...

... studied: 39 normal test subjects, 27 patients with spastic syndrome and 23 patients with a Parkinson syndrome. Efforts were made to establish which EMG tests can contribute to differentiation of these three categories. The following test battery yielded sufficient relevant information: (a) testing the KJR...

...Paul Consroe; Rik Musty; Judith Rein; Whitney Tillery; Roger Pertwee Fifty-three UK and 59 USA people with multiple sclerosis (MS) answered anonymously the first questionnaire on cannabis use and MS. From 97 to 30% of the subjects reported cannabis improved (in descending rank order): spasticity...

... toxin were injected through a 0.8-mm diameter needle with electrostimulation guidance. In the 3 cases, injection of BtxA reduced pain and improved the range of motion, especially abduction and external rotation, of the hemiplegic shoulder. This result confirms the role of spasticity in hemiplegic...