In 20 patients who had suffered a first right hemisphere stroke, we examined the prevalence of double dissociations between the results of a star cancellation and a line bisection test. Both are common methods to assess spatial hemineglect. Within the group of neglect patients, we found no significant correlation between the two tasks. Furthermore, 5 patients with impaired performance on one of the tests were within the normal range on the other one. In agreement with experimental studies, we argue that spatial hemineglect is not a unitary syndrome. Furthermore, the findings in one of our patients are compatible with the view that an isolated deficit on cancellation tasks might follow from a lesion in the right anterior cingulate gyrus.

1.
Wilson B, Cockburn J, Halligan P: Behavioural Inattention Test. Bury St Edmunds, Thames Valley Test Company, 1987.
2.
Hillis AE, Caramazza A: A framework for interpreting distinct patterns of hemispatial neglect. Neurocase 1995;1:189–207.
3.
Marshall JC, Halligan PW, Robertson IH: Contemporary theories of unilateral neglect: A critical review; in Roberson IH, Marshall EJ (eds): Unilateral Neglect: Clinical and Experimental Studies. Hove, Erlbaum, 1993, pp 311–329.
4.
Karnath HO, Fetter M, Niemeier M: Disentangling gravitational, environmental, and egocentric reference frames in spatial neglect. J Cogn Neurosci 1998;10:680–690.
5.
Robertson LC, Eglin M: Attentional search in unilateral visual neglect; in Roberson IH, Marshall EJ (eds): Unilateral Neglect: Clinical and Experimental Studies. Hove, Erlbaum, 1993, pp 169–191.
6.
Heilman KM, Watson RT, Valenstein E: Neglect: Clinical and anatomic aspects; in Feinberg TE, Farah MJ (eds): Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychology. New York, N.Y., McGraw-Hill, 1997, pp 309–317.
7.
Mattingley JB, Phillips JG, Bradshaw JL: Impairments of movement execution in unilateral neglect: A kinematic analysis of directional bradykinesia. Neuropsychologia 1994;32:1111–1134.
8.
Bisiach E, Geminiani G, Berti A, Rusconi ML: Perceptual and premotor factors of unilateral neglect. Neurology 1990;40:1278–1281.
9.
Binder J, Marshall R, Lazar R, Benjamin J, Mohr JP: Distinct syndromes of hemineglect. Arch Neurol 1992;49:1187–1194.
10.
Halligan PW, Marshall JC: The bisection of horizontal and radial lines: A case study of normal controls and ten patients with left visuo-spatial neglect. Int J Neurosci 1993;70:149–169.
11.
Kartsounis LD, Findley LJ: Task specific visuospatial neglect related to density and salience of stimuli. Cortex 1994;30:647–659.
12.
Marshall JC, Halligan PW: Within- and between-task dissociations in visuo-spatial neglect: A case study. Cortex 1995;31:367–376.
13.
Halligan PW, Marshall JC: Left visuo-spatial neglect: A meaningless entity? Cortex 1992;28:525–535.
14.
Schubert F: Assoziationen und Dissoziationen von visuellem Hemineglect und basalen Fähigkeiten der Raum- und Formerkennung bei Patienten mit rechtshirnigen Läsionen. Unveröff Dipl Arbeit, Universität Wien, 1998.
15.
Vallar G: The anatomical basis of spatial hemineglect in humans; in Roberson IH, Marshall EJ (eds): Unilateral Neglect: Clinical and Experimental Studies. Hove, Erlbaum, 1993.
16.
Heilman KM, Watson RT, Valenstein E: Neglect and related disorders; in Heilman KM, Valenstein E (eds): Clinical Neuropsychology. New York, Oxford University Press, 1985, pp 243–293.
17.
Mesulam MM: Spatial attention and neglect: Parietal, frontal and cingulate contributions to the mental representation and attentional targeting of salient extrapersonal events. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1999;29:1325–1346.
18.
Daffner KR, Ahern GL, Weintraub S, Mesulam MM: Dissociated neglect behavior following sequential strokes in the right hemisphere. Ann Neurol 1990;28:97–101.
19.
Warrington EK, James M: The Visual Object and Space Perception Battery. Bury St Edmunds, Thames Valley Test Company, 1991.
20.
Benton AL: Judgement of line orientation; in Benton AL, De Hamsher K, Spreen O (eds): Contributions to Neuropsychological Assessment. A Clinical Manual. New York, Oxford University Press, 1983.
21.
Denes G, Semenza C, Stoppa E, Lis A: Unilateral spatial neglect and recovery from hemiplegia: A follow-up study. Brain 1982;105:543–552.
22.
Halligan PW, Marshall JC, Wade DT: Visuospatial neglect: Underlying factors and test sensitivity. Lancet 1989;ii:908–911.
23.
Leibovitch FS, Black SE, Caldwell CB, Ebert PL, Ehrlich LE, Szalai JP: Brain-behavior correlations in hemispatial neglect using CT and SPECT: The Sunnybrook stroke study. Neurology 1998;50:901–908.
24.
Gitelman DR, Alpent NM, Kosslyn SM, Daffner K, Scinto L, Thompson W, et al: Functional imaging of human right hemispheric activation for exploratory movements. Ann Neurol 1996;39:174–179.
25.
Nobre AC, Sebestyen GN, Gitelman DR, Mesulam MM, Frackowiak RSJ, Frith CD: Functional localization of the system for visuospatial attention using positron emission tomography. Brain 1997;120:515–533.
26.
Procyk E, Tanaka YL, Joseph JP: Anterior cingulate activity during routine and non-routine sequential behaviors in macaques. Nat Neurosci 2000;3:502–508.
27.
Mesulam MM: From sensation to cognition. Brain 1998;121:1013–1052.
28.
Halligan PW, Marshall JC: Visuospatial neglect: The ultimate deconstruction? Brain Cogn 1998;37:419–438.
29.
Karnath HO: Spatial orientation and the representation of space with parietal lobe lesions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1997;1360:1411–1419.
30.
Paus T: Location and function of the human frontal eye-field: A selective review. Neuropsychologia 1996;34:475–483.
31.
Petit L, Orssaud C, Tzourio N, Salamon G, Mazoyer B, Berthoz A: A PET study of voluntary saccadic eye movements in humans: Basal ganglia-thalamocortical system and cingulate cortex in involvement. J Neurophysiol 1993;69:1009–1017.
Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer
Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
You do not currently have access to this content.