The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease relies on the presence of both neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. The number of neurofibrillary tangles is tightly linked to the degree of dementia, suggesting that the formation of neurofibrillary tangles more directly correlates with neuronal dysfunction. The regional pattern of areas affected by neurofibrillary tangles formation during the course of the disease is relatively stereotyped. Neurofibrillary tangles are composed of highly phosphorylated forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Phosphorylated tau proteins accumulate early in neurons, even before formation of neurofibrillary tangles, suggesting that an imbalance between the activities of protein kinases and phosphatases acting on tau is an early phenomenon. The latter might be related to changes in signalling through transduction cascades, since many of the protein kinases generating phosphorylated tau species participate in signalling pathways. The accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and phosphorylated tau species is associated with disturbances of the microtubule network and, as a consequence of the latter, of axoplasmic flows. The mechanistic relationship between the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques is still little understood and in vivo formation of neurofibrilllary tangles in experimental models has not yet been achieved. Future animal models, e.g. transgenic animals expressing combined key human proteins, will hopefully reproduce faithfully all the major cellular lesions of the disease.

Keywords:
Neurofibrillary tangles, Alzheimer’s disease, Microtubule-associated protein tau, Phosphorylation, Microtubule
This content is only available via PDF.
1998
Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer
Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
You do not currently have access to this content.