... psychobiological stress responses. Effects of fasting on stress responses, mood, and withdrawal symptoms among khat users have not been examined. Methods: In this study, 80 individuals completed an ambulatory monitoring period and a laboratory assessment session. Participants who completed the study while fasting...

...-adrenal (HPA)-axis disorders. Since stress plays a crucial role in opioid compliance and craving, we investigated the immediate effects of diacetylmorphine application on the HPA axis. In particular, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol secretion, as well as satiety regulating...

... to in the content or advertisements. Stress Neurotoxic Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Nerve growth factor Alcohol Withdrawal Anxiety Neurotrophins foster proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival of central and peripheral neurons [ 1 ]. Long-term alcohol exposure in adults causes...

...Hana Gerber; Stefan J. Borgwardt; Otto Schmid; Urs Gerhard; Wolfgang Joechle; Anita Riecher-Rössler; Gerhard A. Wiesbeck; Marc Walter Background/Aim: Heroin dependence is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by the compulsion to seek and use heroin. Stress and craving are seen as key factors...

... regularly, occasionally or not at all. Participants attended a laboratory session that involved resting periods and performing a math challenge. Analyses of variance and regression show that regular khat chewing is associated with higher trait anger, more pronounced negative responses during stress and less...

...Sabine Miriam Grüsser; Chantal Patricia Mörsen; Klaus Wölfling; Herta Flor Based on theoretical models of craving and addiction, this study investigated the association between stress-related variables and negatively and positively reinforcing dimensions of craving (relief and reward craving...

... were submitted to experimental interventions that might affect addiction development (stress, withdrawal, limited access, adverse consequences). Rats with limited access to alcohol at the end of the long-term choice period took more alcohol and were less flexible in the retest than any other group...