... as an alternative to smoking and a substitute for nicotine. More dual users than ex-smokers used e-cigarettes in places where smoking is forbidden. Positive health changes were more pronounced in ex-smokers than dual users. Electronic cigarettes Electronic nicotine delivery system Vaping Harm reduction Use...

... associated with tobacco use have spread to the developing world [ 1 ]. Cigarettes are considered to be the most harmful tobacco product although other forms of tobacco used recreationally may also result in harm to the user [ 2 ]. Smoked tobacco products Oral tobacco products Electronic cigarettes...