Background: There is a report that S100A12 is useful as an early marker of acute lung injury (ALI). The purpose of this study was to determine whether S100A12 or sRAGE is useful as a marker during the development of ALI in postoperative sepsis patients. Methods: The subjects were patients who underwent emergency surgery because of sepsis secondary to perforation of the lower gastrointestinal tract. We conducted a retrospective study comparing 2 groups of patients: a group of 9 patients who developed postoperative ALI, the ALI(+) group, and a group of 8 patients who did not develop postoperative ALI, the ALI(–) group. Their blood S100A12, sRAGE, IFN-γ, WBC count, and CRP values were measured immediately after surgery and on postoperative day 1 (D1). Results: The changes in S100A12 showed significantly higher values immediately postoperatively in the ALI(+) group (p < 0.05). The sRAGE values immediately postoperatively were similar, but on D1, they were significantly higher in the ALI(–) group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: S100A12 increases in the early stage of development of ALI. sRAGE production increases in patients who do not develop ALI.

Keywords:
S100A12, sRAGE, Sepsis, Acute lung injury
1.
Marenholz I, Heizmann CW, Fritz G: S100 proteins in mouse and man: from evolution to function and pathology (including an update of the nomenclature). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004;322:1111–1122.
2.
Vogl T, Propper C, Hartmann M, Strey A, Strupat K, van den Bos C, Sorg C, Roth J: S100A12 is expressed exclusively by granulocytes and acts independently from MRP8 and MRP 14. J Biol Chem 1999;274:25291–25296.
3.
Foell D, Kucharzik T, Kraft M, Vogl T, Sorg C, Domschke W, Roth J: Neutrophil derived human S100A12 (EN-RAGE) is strongly expressed during chronic active inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2003;52:847–853.
4.
Foell D, Seeliger S, Vogl T, Koch HG, Maschek H, Harms E, Sorg C, Roth J: Expression of S100A12 (EN-RAGE) in cystic fibrosis. Thorax 2003;58:613–617.
5.
Niini T, Vettenranta K, Hollmen J, Larramendy ML, Aalto Y, Wikman H, Nagy B, Seppanen JK, Ferrer Salvador A, Mannila H, Saarinenpihkala UM, Knuutila S: Expression of myeloid-specific genes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia – a cDNA array study. Leukemia 2002;16:2213–2221.
6.
Ye F, Foell D, Hirono KI, Vogl T, Rui C, Yu X, Watanabe S, Watanabe K, Uese K, Hashimoto I, Roth J, Ichida F, Miyawaki T: Neutrophil-derived S100A12 is profoundly upregulated in the early stage of acute Kawasaki disease. Am J Cardiol 2004;94:840–844.
7.
Yang Z, Tao T, Raftery MJ, Youssef P, Di Girolamo N, Geczy CL: Proinflammatory properties of the human S100 protein S100A12. J Leukoc Biol 2001;69:986–994.
8.
Schmidt AM, Vianna M, Gerlach M, Brett J, Ryan J, Kao J, Esposito C, Hegarty H, Hurley W, Clauss M, Wang F, Yu-Ching E Pan, Tsang TC, Stern D: Isolation and characterization of two binding proteins for advanced glycosylation end products from bovine lung which are present on the endothelial cell surface. J Biol Chem 1992;267:14987–14997.
9.
Park L, Raman KG, Lee KJ, Lu Y, Ferran LJ Jr, Chow WS, Stern D, Schmidt AM: Suppression of accelerated diabetic atherosclerosis by the soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts. Nat Med 1998;4:1025–1031.
10.
Zhang H, Tasaka S, Shiraishi Y, Fukunaga K, Yamada W, Seki H, Ogawa Y, Miyamoto K, Nakano Y, Hasegawa N, Miyasho T, Maruyama I, Ishizaka A: Role of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products on endotoxin-induced lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;178:356–362.
11.
Wittkowski H, Sturrock A, van Zoelen MA, Viemann D, van der Poll T, Hoidal JR, Roth J, Foll D: Neutrophil-derived S100A12 in acute lung injury and respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 2007;35:1369–1375.
12.
Macnaughton PD, Evans TW: Management of adult respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet 1992;339:469–472.
13.
Goss CH, Brower RG, Hudson LD, Rubenfeld GD: Incidence of acute lung injury in the United States. Crit Care Med 2003;31:1607–1611.
14.
Ware LB, Matthay MA: The acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1334–1349.
15.
Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, Dellinger RP, Fein AM, Knaus WA, Schein RM, Sibbald WJ: Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 1992;101:1644–1655.
16.
Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE: APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med 1985;13:818–829.
17.
Dellinger RP, Carlet JM, Masur H, Gerlach H, Calandra T, Cohen J, Gea-Banacloche J, Keh D, Marshall JC, Parker MM, Ramsay G, Zimmerman JL, Vincent JL, Levy MM: Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med 2004;32:858–873.
18.
Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL, Carlet J, Falke K, Hudson L, Lamy M, Legall JR, Morris A, Spragg R: The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS. Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:818–824.
19.
Guignard F, Mauel J, Markert M: Identification and characterization of a novel human neutrophil protein related to the S100 family. Biochem J 1995;309:395–401.
20.
Yonekura H, Yamamoto Y, Sakurai S, Petrova RG, Abedin MJ, Li H, Yasui K, Takeuchi M, Makita Z, Takasawa S, Okamoto H, Watanabe T, Yamamoto H: Novel splice variants of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts expressed in human vascular endothelial cells and pericytes, and their putative roles in diabetes-induced vascular injury. Biochem J 2003;370:1097–1109.
21.
Schmidt AM, Yan SD, Tan SF, Stern DM: The biology of the receptor for advanced glycation end products and its ligands. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000;1498:99–111.
22.
Koyama H, Shoji T, Yokoyama H, Motoyama K, Mori K, Fumumoto S, Emoto M, Shoji T, Tamei H, Matsuki H, Sakurai S, Yamamoto Y, Yonekura H, Watanabe T, Yamamoto H, Nishizawa Y: Plasma level of endogenous secretory RAGE is associated with components of the metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005;25:2587–2593.
23.
Pietzsch J, Hoppmann S: Human S100A12: a novel key player in inflammation? Amino Acids 2009;36:381–389.
24.
Yang Z, Yan WX, Cai H, Tedla N, Armishaw C, Di Girolamo N, Wang HW, Hampartzoumian T, Simpson JL, Gibson PG, Hunt J, Hart P, Hughes JM, Perry MA, Alewood PF, Geczy CL: S100A12 provokes mast cell activation: a potential amplification pathway in asthma and innate immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;119:106–114.
© 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel
2010
Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer
Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
You do not currently have access to this content.