Skip to Main Content
Open Menu
Close
Who We Serve
Open Menu
Overview
Researchers
Authors
Reviewers
Healthcare Professionals
Patients & Their Supporters
Librarians
Health Sciences Industry
Medical Societies
Agents & Distributors
What We Offer
Open Menu
Overview
Journals
Collections
Subject Areas
Karger Image Explorer
Books & Book Series
E-Learning Courses
Open External Link
Healthcare Podcasts
Open Access Portfolio
Impact Support Services
Who We Are
Open Menu
Overview
What We Solve
Accessing Knowledge
Presenting Knowledge
Applying Knowledge
Publish with Us
Open Menu
Overview
Publish Your Paper
Getting Started for Researchers
Open External Link
Calls for Papers
Publication Services
Partner Publications
Submit & Publish Open Access
Resources for You
Open Menu
Overview
Exhibitions
Webinars
Case Studies
Fast Facts Medical Information
News & Media Releases
Experience Karger Blog
Open External Link
The Waiting Room Blog
Open External Link
Research Viewpoints Blog
Open External Link
Karger Researcher Hub
Open External Link
AI Innovation Hub
Our AI Principles
Search Dropdown Menu
header search
search input
Search input auto suggest
filter your search
All Content
All Journals
Dermatology
Search
Advanced Search
User Tools Dropdown
Register
Login
Open Menu
Toggle Menu
Menu
Content
Open Menu
Articles
Issues
Online First
Early View
About
Open Menu
Details
Contact
Editorial Board
Journal Guidelines
Peer Review
Affiliations
Subscription Rates
Rights & Permissions
Advertising
Submission Guide
Open Menu
Journal Guidelines
Technical Instructions
Editorial Policies
What is Peer Review
Submit now
Skip Nav Destination
Browse Issues
Volume
241
240
239
238
237
236
235
234
233
232
231
230
229
228
227
226
225
224
223
222
221
220
219
218
217
216
215
214
213
212
211
210
209
208
207
206
205
204
203
202
201
200
199
198
197
196
195
194
193
192
191
190
189
188
187
186
185
184
183
182
181
180
179
178
177
176
175
174
173
172
171
170
169
168
167
166
165
164
163
162
161
160
159
158
157
156
155
154
153
152
151
150
149
148
147
146
145
144
143
142
141
140
139
138
137
136
135
134
133
132
131
130
129
128
127
126
125
124
123
122
121
120
119
118
117
116
115
114
113
112
111
110
109
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
100
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
82
81
80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Browse by year
Volume 241, Issue 1
February 2025
Pages 1-99
Cover image
Volume 241, Issue 2
April 2025
Pages 101-221
Cover image
Cover image
Close
Close Modal
Close Modal
This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only
Sign In
or
Create an Account
Close Modal
Close Modal
