..., microglia have been considered as the primary mediators of synaptic pruning. Synaptic pruning can strengthen an active synapse by removing excess weaker synapses during development. Inappropriate synaptic pruning can often influence a disease outcome or an injury response. Summary: This review offers...

.... It was revealed that miR-26a was downregulated in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated microglia and neurons. Overexpressing miR-26a reduced the inflammatory reaction in BV2 cells and decreased neuronal apoptosis following OGD stimulation. miR-26a upregulation inactivated the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway...

... in the offspring, especially considering recent global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The underlying mechanisms by which MIA results in deleterious outcomes are not yet clear, but due to the inflammatory response it initiates, it is becoming apparent that microglia are critically involved. Through...

... female mice. Reactive astrocytes denoted by GFAP areas, volumes, lengths, and numbers of branching were increased in IUGR female CA1 but not in IUGR male CA3 compared to sex-matched shams. Lastly, activated microglia were only detected in IUGR female CA1 and CA3 subregions. We detected no difference...

...Nirnath Sah; Zhi Zhang; Alicia Chime; Amanda Fowler; Antonio Mendez-Trendler; Anjali Sharma; Rangaramanujam M. Kannan; Barbara Slusher; Sujatha Kannan We have previously shown that maternal endotoxin exposure leads to a phenotype of cerebral palsy and pro-inflammatory microglia in the brain...

... cortical and subcortical areas. Examples of transient structures in the forebrain (among many others) include the subpial granular layer and the subplate zone. We have previously characterized the precise spatiotemporal dynamics of microglia in the human telencephalon. Here, we describe the diversity...

... with the STZ group, phosphocreatine and phosphocreatine/creatine ratio were higher, and microglia in the hippocampal subareas fewer in the STZ + INS group ( p < 0.05 for all). Neonatal hyperglycemia was associated with abnormal glucose metabolism and microgliosis in the adult hippocampus. INS administration...

... to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Brain injury Cytokine Developing brain Inflammation Microglia Myelination Neonatal brain injury Neuroinflammation Oligodendrocyte Necrotizing...

...Karin Sävman; Wei Wang; Ali Hoseinpoor Rafati; Pernilla Svedin; Syam Nair; Veronika Golubinskaya; Maryam Ardalan; Kelly L. Brown; Anna Karlsson-Bengtsson; Carina Mallard Microglia may contribute to injury but may also have neuroprotective properties. Galectin-3 has immunomodulatory properties...

... pain. Common themes that emerged from the examination of poor diet and ACEs as mechanisms underlying this transition included: prolonged inflammation and microglia activation leading to sensitization of the pain system, and stress-induced alterations to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function...

... and improved outcome on the novel object recognition memory task 30 days after TBI. In cultured BV2 microglia, HET0016 attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-evoked increase in release of TNF-α. Our data show that HET0016 improves acute and long-term histologic and functional outcomes, in association...

... in microglia, while expression of the MHCII gene was decreased in hippocampal tissue of the fetuses from PRRSV-infected gilts. Together, these data suggest that maternal viral infection at the beginning of the last trimester results in a reduction in fetal hippocampal neurons that is evident 5 weeks after...

... Microglia Metabolism Modern therapeutic strategies cure about 80% of all children with tumors, and radiotherapy is one of the most effective tools in the treatment of children who suffer from primary and metastatic brain tumors and from leukemia or lymphoma that involves the central nervous system...

... that focal demyelination in the corpus callosum caused activation of the microglia, not only at the site of demyelination but also in the SVZ, and dramatically increased the generation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the SVZ. Furthermore, the inhibition of microglial activation by minocycline...

... treatment attenuated LPS-induced central catecholaminergic neuronal injury and motor behavioral disturbances, including locomotion, beam walking test and gait analysis. Intranasal rhIGF-1 administration also attenuated LPS-induced elevation of IL-1β levels and numbers of activated microglia...

... responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Maternal infection Cerebral palsy Microglia Tryptophan Kynurenine pathway Serotonin Autism National Institutes of Health (NIH...

... such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase. This is accompanied by a decreased expression of the TLR adaptor proteins MyD88 and TRIF, which we observed after RANKL treatment. Similar results were obtained in our experiments with primary mouse microglia. Using recently developed CRISPR/Cas9...

... neuronal injury or symptomology, influence long-term outcomes. To address this issue, we first defined a very mild injury in adolescent mice (postnatal day 35) as evidenced by an increase in Iba-1- labeled microglia in white matter in the acutely injured brain, in the absence of indices of cell death...

..., a biomarker for microglia). Samples taken at P14 were analysed for neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN, a neuronal biomarker) or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, a biomarker of mature astrocytes). These specific time points were chosen because cCas3 [ 16 ] and Iba1 [ 17 ] peak around 24 h after HI...

... using neuropathological studies of human autopsy brains, a large number of murine experimental models and in vivo neuroimaging studies of the human brain. The purpose of this review is to discuss microglial activation or dysfunction and to highlight the detrimental role that microglia play...