...-Lyer illusion trials. Conclusion: The current study found that susceptibility to illusions changes in a manner that is age-specific and, in some cases, sex-specific. The different developmental trajectories of the perception of visual illusions support the idea of the lack of a common neural...

... lifetime. While ELS may lead to better adaptive mechanisms, the cost of a developmental pattern driven by ELS may be higher later in life [ 45 ]. In sum, stress both chronic [ 46, 47 ] and acute [ 48 ] impairs IC. As IC is an important marker of cognitive development, necessary [ 26, 49 ] early...

... originate as well as how these cell programs are changed as the tumor develops. Investigating the intersection between oncogenic and developmental programs, could lead to therapeutic insights for ependymoma and its specific subtypes. Childhood brain tumors are thought to have origins in development...

... hypothermia (TH), which still shows some limitations. Specific effects of TH in the several processes involved in brain injury progression remain unclear. In this study, the effects of TH treatment on developmental parameters, behavioral outcomes, and peripheral leukocytes were evaluated in neonatal male...

... pathway are of the essence in appropriate development and myelination of SCs (Table 1) . Mechanical stimuli also play a crucial part in activating YAP in various developmental stages of SCs. It has been well proven that extracellular matrix stiffness and cell geometry could regulate YAP/TAZ...

... no morphological or physiological effect on embryos. When assessing the developmental expression of TARP γ-4a and γ-4b, we found that mRNA coding for both genes was present as early as 1 dpf, suggesting that these TARPs may indeed play a role in early organismal development. In a previous study, we identified...

... and the cause of vision loss is still not clear. In this study, the zebrafish embryos were used to observe the development of the retina. Zebrafish is an extensively used model in developmental research because of its transparency and its genetic relationship with the human. Zebrafish has been widely used...

... effects in acute models for which it was first developed, such as after brain lesions, electroconvulsive shock, or exposure to potent neurotoxins, but it may not be suitable for developmental neurotoxicity hazard identification. The MWM was conducted in 2 phases: acquisition and reversal; each...

... ): 2799 – 809 . 10.1007/s00213-014-3452-2 24590052 0033-3158 27. Beal   MF , Swartz   KJ , Isacson   O . Developmental changes in brain kynurenic acid concentrations . Brain Res Dev Brain Res . 1992   Jul ; 68 ( 1 ): 136 – 9 . 10.1016/0165-3806(92)90256-V 1521320 0165-3806...

.... The ferret is an attractive model species as it has a gyrified brain with a white-to-gray matter ratio similar to that in the human brain. A model of encephalopathy of prematurity was developed in postnatal day 10 (P10) ferret kits, considered to be developmentally equivalent to infants of 24–26 weeks...

.... They also confirm our previous findings that these mice have, overall, increased brain injury at P7 after neonatal HI [ 21 ], suggesting that the HIF1α responses are similar in this range (P7–P9) of the developmental stage. The KO mice showed a significantly higher level of 120-kDa spectrin than the WT pups...

...: Roles of the cation-chloride cotransporters in neurological disease. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2008;4:490-503. 4. Ben-Ari Y: The GABA excitatory/inhibitory developmental sequence: a personal journey. Neuroscience 2014;279:187-219. 5. Delpire E: Cation-chloride cotransporters in neuronal...

...: a 2-DE study. Proteomics 2006;6:4940-4949. 11. Goswami T, Li X, Smith AM, Luderowski EM, Vincent JJ, Rush J, Ballif BA: Comparative phosphoproteomic analysis of neonatal and adult murine brain. Proteomics 2012;12:2185-2189. 12. Doubleday PF, Ballif BA: Developmentally dynamic murine brain...

... kynurenine 3-hydroxylase inhibition in rodents: pathophysiological implications. J Neurosci Res 2007;85:845-854. 62. Alexander KS, Pocivavsek A, Wu HQ, Pershing ML, Schwarcz R, Bruno JP: Early developmental elevations of brain kynurenic acid impair cognitive flexibility in adults: reversal...

...: Developmental malformation of the corpus callosum: a review of typical callosal development and examples of developmental disorders with callosal involvement. J Neurodev Disord 2011;3:3-27. 11. Witelson SF: Hand and sex differences in the isthmus and genu of the human corpus callosum: a postmortem...

... of this region. The present work highlights decreases in PV+ cell counts within the hippocampus across development, and points to the need for a greater understanding of the role of PV and local circuit developmental changes, as well as consideration of their development when modeling developmentally related...

... Exercise Diet The environment can have lifelong effects on the overall health and wellness of a developing fetus [ 1 ]. Early developmental conditions have been shown to alter the behavior and physiology of an individual, making one more, or less, susceptible to pathologies later on in life [ 2...

.... This in turn may alter both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and hippocampal volume [ 43 ]. Interpretations of BMI changes should be cautious. What constitutes a normal change in BMI during development varies with developmental age (BMI changes from 5 to 8 years of age differ from those from 15...

... formation downstream of NCAM in postnatal mouse cortex [ 49 ]. These studies suggest that Fyn deletion leads to abnormal GABAergic synaptic transmission, with behavioral, functional and developmental consequences in different brain regions. Fyn may regulate GABA A Rs specifically via the β2, β3 and γ2...

... distribution of monoaminergic markers in the developing human cerebral cortex with special emphasis on the serotonin transporter. Anat Rec 2002;267:87-93. 82. Vorhees CV, Acuff-Smith KD, Schilling MA, Fisher JE, Moran MS, Buelke-Sam J: A developmental neurotoxicity evaluation of the effects of prenatal...