...Yuqian Wang; Yuxia Qin; Tingwen Guo; Chuanxi Tang; Liyun Liu; Dianshuai Gao Background: Studies have shown that astrocytes play an important role in a variety of biological processes, so damage to astrocytes can cause a series of related diseases. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF...

...(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Growth rate Primitive reflexes Memory deficits Sensory-motor deficits Astrocytes National Institutes of Health...

... be regulated by astrocytes, we also measured the number of astrocytes and the expression of two astroglial proteins (GFAP and S100B) in the stress-responsive hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Experiments were performed on littermates of rats in which its effects on behavior were measured. We found for the first...

...-positive cells, we utilized standard double-labelling immunofluorescence co-labelling techniques and confocal microscopy to compare co-expression of TLR3 with a neuronal marker (NeuN) or with glial markers (GFAP for astrocytes, Iba-1 for microglia and Olig2 for oligodendrocytes). We observed an increase...

... differentiation, are not completely elucidated. We previously demonstrated that transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β 1 ) promotes radial glia differentiation into astrocytes in vitro [Glia 2007;55:1023–1033]. Here we investigated the intracellular signaling pathways involved in the TGF-β 1 -induced radial glia...

... of serum, and presence or absence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dBcAMP) were studied in primary cultures of astrocytes from newborn mice. During 3 weeks of culturing the content of GFA, the rate of glutamate uptake and the activity of all three enzymes increased but the period of maximum increase differed...

... are able to survive after implantation into the brain of an immature host. Surviving xenogenic cells are found outside the graft, forming colonies in the host brain parenchyma. However, after 3 months, transplant-derived astrocytes are no longer detected. 8 08 1988 10 10 1988 28 5 2010...

...C. Eberhardt Maier; Robert H. Miller The origin of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the frog spinal cord, and the factors that regulate their differentiation are currently unknown. To determine the timing and pattern of glial cell differentiation, spinal cord sections from Xenopus at different...

.... Astrocytes Energy metabolism Glioma Lactic acid Neurons Transport Original Paper Dev Neurosci 1995;17:63-69 Ralf Dringen Hajo Peters Heinrich Wiesinger Bernd Hamprecht Physiologisch-chemisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Deutschland Lactate Transport in Cultured Glial Cells Key Words...

...Narayan R. Bhat Growth factor-activated and cell adhesion-mediated signaling plays a crucial role in the development and differentiation of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, the two macroglial cells of the CNS. Guided by the recent advances in the elucidation of intracellular signaling pathways...

..., neurosteroids modulate neurotransmission by acting directly on the neuronal membrane and also produce structural changes in neurons and in astrocytes. Studies of neurosteroid levels are currently conducted to examine their possible role during aging. We have recently reported that progesterone, synthesized...

... of astrocytes cultured in vitro with or without dibutyryl 3′5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dB-cAMP). Antidepressants were added into the culture medium (for 24 h) at a final concentration of 10 –4 M (imipramine, amitriptyline, clomipramine, dox-epine, mianserin) or 10 –5 M (maprotiline). It was shown...

...Narayan R. Bhat Growth factor-activated and cell adhesion-mediated signaling plays a crucial role in the development and differentiation of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, the two macroglial cells of the CNS. Guided by the recent advances in the elucidation of intracellular signaling pathways...

..., neurosteroids modulate neurotransmission by acting directly on the neuronal membrane and also produce structural changes in neurons and in astrocytes. Studies of neurosteroid levels are currently conducted to examine their possible role during aging. We have recently reported that progesterone, synthesized...

... levels by way of classical VIP receptors. For example, VIP at 10 –10 M stimulates the release of neurotrophic factors from glial cells and maximally stimulates the proliferation of astrocytes. Two VIP receptors encoded on different genes have now been cloned. Both are members of the seven transmembrane G...

... in primary cultures of rat glial cells. Western blot analysis of different glial cell types (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia) revealed a relatively high level of MARCKS protein in oligodendrocytes. MARCKS protein and MARCKS mRNA levels in oligodendrocytes increased with time in culture...

...Niels Westergaard; Ursula Sonnewald; Arne Schousboe Use of 13 C-labeled precursors for the neuroactive amino acids glutamate and GABA as well as [U- 13 C]glutamate and glutamine combined with NMR spectroscopy has allowed detailed studies to be performed on cultured neurons and astrocytes yielding...

... and that brain iron regulatory mechanisms are vulnerable to manipulation during postnatal development. Astrocytes Brain and nutrition Fetal alcohol syndrome Metal neurotoxicity Mice Myelination Myelin mutants Neuroglia Oligodendrocytes Rats Short Review Dev Neurosci 1994:16:233-247 James R. Connor...

... that are stimulated by excess K + and by adrenergic agonists, e.g., noradrenaline. An elevation in the extracellular K + concentration appears to enhance neuronal-astrocytic interaction by stimulating metabolic processes involved in (1) the promotion of supply of precursors for transmitter glutamate, and (2...

... morphology and antigen expression. Heterogeneous clones comprised of retrovirally labeled neurons and astrocytes or astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were observed, as well as homogeneous clones of neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. Large type-1 astrocyte clones were most common, and mixed...