Achalasia of the cardia is rare in childhood. The occurrence of this condition in a nine year old girl, in whom treatment by a modified Heller’s operation has relieved the symptoms, is described. The histological abnormalities seen in the esophageal wall are similar to those described in most adult patients with achalasia, and they resemble those found in some of the few childhood cases reported. The current views on the treatment of achalasia of the cardia in childhood are examined, and short comments made on the pathophysiology of the neural deficit.

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