... induction of regulatory T cells while others induce effector T cells within the gut. Such stimulation is subject to dysregulation during inflammation and disease, contributing to ‘dysbiosis' or an abnormal microbiota composition that has been associated with a variety of immune-mediated inflammatory...

...Detlef Schuppan; Victor Zevallos While the central role of an adaptive, T cell-mediated immune response to certain gluten peptides in celiac disease is well established, the innate immune response to wheat proteins remains less well defined. We identified wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs...

... (TGFβ1) and interleukin (IL)-10 seem to be particularly important. Although IL-10 is made by macrophages, T cells and B cells, TGFβ1 is made by many non-lymphoid/myeloid cells, especially epithelial cells. We have been able to show that in the human gut, neutralization of TGFβ1 increases Th1 and Th17...