...Mauro Rossi Background: Celiac disease (CD) results from an alteration in the oral tolerance to dietary gluten. The response to gluten is normally tightly regulated and involves the secretion of TGF-β and IL-10 from different subtypes of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Interestingly, in addition...

... to be part of AIH pathogenesis. In detail, an impairment of regulatory T cells (Treg) is suspected. If this holds true and reduced Treg numbers or their function are pathogenic for AIH, this offers the option of cellular or immunomodulatory therapy. However, the exact immunological role of Treg in AIH still...

..., seems highly effective. Recently it could also been demonstrated that administration of antigen-specific regulatory T cells to patients with refractory Crohn's disease was not only well tolerated but showed promising results. The role of B cells in human IBD is less clear. B-cell depletion has so far...

.... pylori affects the mucosal as well as the systemic immune response by secretion of cytokines and the recruitment of distinct inflammatory cells. The immune response is characterized by a balance between a Th1-dominated response and the recruitment of antigen-specific regulatory T cells that allow...

... of regulatory T cells, which secrete immunoregulatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β and can regulate both Th1 and Th2 responses. Recent findings suggest that some gut commensals, including lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and helminths, play a major role in the induction of regulatory T cells in gut lymphoid...