...Snorri S. Thorgeirsson Cancer cells possessing “stemness,” or stem-cell properties, are referred to as cancer stem cells (CSC) or cancer-initiating cells. The concept that these cells rest at the apex of the cancer hierarchy is an evolving theme in cancer research. These cells are by definition...

...Jacques Cosnes Background: Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients with prior malignancy is challenging because therapeutic immunosuppression required for controlling IBD activity may increase the risk of cancer recurrence. Key Messages: Contrary to the observations in the post...

... and physicians considering immunosuppression (IS) for the treatment of IBD is the potential associated cancer risk. Several important clinical questions deserve attention with respect to IBD therapy and cancer. First, does medical therapy for IBD predispose to developing cancer? Second, in an IBD patient...

... reported in order to treat IPMNs. The present article aims to demonstrate the current scientific knowledge in this field and to highlight the current controversy. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm Pancreas Malignant transformation Cancer Besides conventional abdominal sonography...

...Gerassimos J. Mantzaris Patients with IBD and prior cancer are at increased risk of developing recurrent or de novo cancer. Depending on the type of malignancy, risk factors include IBD itself, age, environmental factors, genetic susceptibility and exposure to immunosuppressants (IMS), namely...

... controlled trials nor in real-life settings. Regarding malignancies, lymphoma and skin cancer are a concern. The incidence of lymphoma may be raised, but this has also been debated with the use of thiopurines. Skin cancer, especially melanoma, is more common in inflammatory bowel disease and may...

... the promise that it may achieve high-level sensitivity for adenomas and cancers without exposure to radiation. CT colonography is much more mature at this point in time, and has received great attention in the last decade as a colon imaging tool, including potentially as a primary colon cancer screening...

... that this type of approach is safe and needs further development and evaluation in the near future. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research. While initial investigations only demonstrated an increase in Treg...

...Athena Chalaris; Dirk Schmidt-Arras; Kosuke Yamamoto; Stefan Rose-John Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine largely induced during infection, inflammation, and cancer. In the liver, IL-6 induces the synthesis of acute-phase proteins, which are believed to support the response of the body during...

.... The first characterization of a cytokine implicated in abolishing or killing tumor cells – the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) – fostered and boosted a completely new field of research that in addition to cancer research started to generate an overwhelming amount of knowledge in immunology, various pathological...

... or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Adipocytokines Inflammation Cancer Adipose tissue and its released products have recently gained major interest. Various products of the fat tissue also called adipo(cyto)kines...

...László Herszényi; Gábor Lakatos; István Hritz; Mária Zsófia Varga; Gabriel Cierny; Zsolt Tulassay Chronic inflammation is an important risk factor for the development of cancers. The link between chronic inflammation and the risk of developing cancer is now well established. At least 20% of all...

...Alexander Link; Juozas Kupcinskas; Thomas Wex; Peter Malfertheiner Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease with currently still unknown mechanisms of development. Besides genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been discovered as one of the crucial players in gastric...

...Daniel C. Baumgart Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory diseases resulting from an inappropriate innate and adaptive immune response towards commensal microbiota. Patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis carry an increased risk of developing colon cancer...

...Thomas Giese; Claudia Sommerer; Martin Zeier; Stefan Meuer Long-term immunosuppression causes a significantly increased risk for the development of malignancies in transplanted patients. A link between immunosuppression and incidence of cancer is well documented and involves the effect...

...Maries van den Broek; Lotta von Boehmer; Alexander Knuth Significant advances have been made in the field of cancer immunology and immunotherapy over the last three decades. An important step forward was the identification of human cancer antigens eliciting spontaneous immune responses in cancer...

...Pauli Puolakkainen; Tom Schröder Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new modality of cancer treatment. It consists of intravenously injecting a patient with a photosensitizing agent and, when this agent has accumulated in tumor cells, decomposing it by exposure to red light produced by an argon dye...

...J.A. Palesty; S.J. Dudrick It is appreciated widely by clinicians that significant malnutrition accompanies malignant processes in approximately 50% of patients and eventually leads to severe wasting which accounts for approximately 30% of cancer-related deaths overall, 30–50% of deaths in patients...

.... Cancer Colitis Gastritis Helicobacter Hepatitis Peptic ulcer Review Article Dig Dis 2001;19:112 115 New Helicobacter Species in Humans Leif Percival Andersen Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark Key Words Cancer W Colitis W Gastritis W Helicobacter W Hepatitis...

... of related conditions. Treatment of these conditions must be tailored according to patient’s features. Conclusions: The clinical significance of FL is incompletely understood at present. The relationship, if any, of FL and the metabolic syndrome should be carefully investigated. Atherosclerosis Cancer...