...Adam Whaley-Connell; James R. Sowers Insulin resistance is a central component of the metabolic dysregulation observed in obesity, which puts one at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and complications related to diabetes such as chronic kidney disease. Insulin resistance and compensatory...

.... In the skeletal muscle vasculature, insulin promotes vasodilation and its own transport across the vascular wall to reach its target tissue. Furthermore, insulin resistance (IR) in the skeletal muscle vasculature results in impaired skeletal muscle glucose uptake and altered whole-body glucose homeostasis...

... and diabetes. Obesity is a central component of the cardiorenal metabolic syndrome (CRS) which increases the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The hallmark of obesity, CRS, and early type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance, a result of decreased insulin metabolic signaling...

.... Skeletal muscle Estrogen Insulin resistance National Institutes of Health (NIH) 10.13039/100000002 The incidence and prevalence of obesity continues to reach pandemic proportions and is a leading force behind the also worrisome frequency of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2...

..., but not limited to, higher levels of insulin and free levels of insulin-like growth factor and insulin resistance in obesity and the CRS. Mortality, morbidity, and the associated health care costs which are the link between obesity, the CRS, and diabetes are just beginning to be examined. In addition, we review...

...Hussein Yassine; Michael J. Kimzey; Michael A. Galligan; A. Jay Gandolfi; Craig S. Stump; Serrine S. Lau Background/Aims: Arsenic (As) is linked to insulin resistance in animal studies, but the effect of low-level As exposure on the prevalence of diabetes in humans is uncertain. An optimal method...

...Ravi Nistala; Melvin R. Hayden; Vincent G. DeMarco; Erik J. Henriksen; Daniel T. Lackland; James R. Sowers The presence of a group of interacting maladaptive factors, including hypertension, insulin resistance, metabolic dyslipidemia, obesity, and microalbuminuria and/or reduced renal function...

..., employed clinically in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, lowers insulin resistance and oxidative stress, and improves endothelial function. The prevailing thinking regarding the mechanism of action of metformin points to the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) [ 20...

... as the injury nidus to initiate the wound healing process. Insulin resistance is central to the development of the CRS and T2DM, and there are now thought to be four major organ systems important in their development. In states of overnutrition and tRAS activation, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle (SkM), islet...

...Myriam Ensling; William Steinmann; Adam Whaley-Connell Resistance to insulin metabolic signaling in adipose tissue contributes to the lipid abnormalities in obese, hyperinsulinemic, insulin-resistant patients who develop the cardiorenal syndrome. These same metabolic dyslipidemic abnormalities can...

...Katherine A. Lindborg; Stephan Jacob; Erik J. Henriksen Background/Aims: Antagonism of the endocannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R) directly improves whole-body metabolic parameters of insulin resistance. The present investigation determined the effects of chronic CB1R antagonism on whole-body...