... phosphated fluoride (APF) on sound, and etched, and neutral KF on etched enamel were investigated by studying the F profiles in the enamel after 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks exposure to running tap water. APF application on etched enamel showed the deepest fluoride penetration and retention. At 8 weeks...

...C.S.E. van Dorp; R.A.M. Exterkate; J.M. ten Cate This study was aimed at determining the amount of mineral removed from incipient enamel lesions during acid etching. The rationale being that fissures which are scheduled for sealing will often have undetected demineralized regions. Lesions were...

...A.G. Dijkman; J. Tak; W.L. Jongebloed; J. Arends The aim of this study was to compare the rate of etching and the surface roughness of HClO 4 etched enamel surfaces. The average thickness of the enamel layer removed is a linear function of the total etching period (except for very short periods...

...W.L. Jongebloed; I. Molenaar; J. Arends In this study, fluoroapatite crystals were etched with citric acid (pH 2) at 60 °C parallel and perpendicular to Apatite the c-axis. Quantitative measurements on a number of etchpits, visualized with the scanning electron microscope were combined...

...J.E. Tyler Polished fluorapatite crystal surfaces were etched with lactic acid adjusted to pH4 or with ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (Edta) and the surfaces examined by scanning electron microscopy. The resultant acid etch patterns or pits were observed to be typical of the hexagonal system...

... lesions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of three different etching gels in removing the surface layer in various etching times. Extracted human molars and premolars showing proximal white spot lesions were cut across the demineralized areas. Ninety-six lesions expected from...