The aim of the present study was to investigate the erosive tooth wear of primary and permanent teeth and its association with related risk factors. Two groups of Greek children aged 8 (n = 329) and 14 years (n = 263) were examined in the classroom using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index. Data concerning risk factors were collected using questionnaires. Dental caries (DMFS/dmfs) was also recorded. The data were analyzed using the t test, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis, Fisher's exact test, and the χ2 test. In the 8-year-olds, the primary teeth showed a predominantly medium level of wear and the permanent teeth no wear. A majority of the 14-year-olds exhibited low risk levels of wear. The most frequently affected dental surface in both age groups was the occlusal surface of the mandibular posterior teeth. In the 8-year-olds, BEWE scores and the prevalence of wear in the primary teeth was influenced by gender (p = 0.020). In their permanent teeth, soft drink consumption (p < 0.0001) and preference for lemon/vinegar (p = 0.041) significantly affected wear prevalence and BEWE scores, while habitually retaining soft drinks in the mouth influenced wear prevalence (p = 0.008), risk (p = 0.004), and BEWE scores (p = 0.022). In the 14-year-olds, wear prevalence was significantly affected by the consumption of lemon-flavored candies (p = 0.016) and soft drinks (p = 0.050). BEWE scores were significantly affected by gender (p = 0.022) and soft drink consumption (p = 0.030). Gender influenced tooth wear risk in both age groups (p = 0.010 and p = 0.021, respectively). The results of this study indicate that erosive tooth wear differed between primary and permanent teeth and was influenced by gender and dietary factors.

Keywords:
Basic Erosive Wear Examination index, Erosive tooth wear, Risk factors
1.
Al-Majed I, Maguire A, Murray JJ: Risk factors for dental erosion in 5- to 6- and 12- to 14-year-old boys in Saudi Arabia. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2002;30:38-46.
2.
Alvarez LL, Fabruccini FA, Alves LS, Alvarez Vaz R, Maltz M: Erosive tooth wear among 12-year-old schoolchildren: a population-based cross-sectional study in Montevideo, Uruguay. Caries Res 2015;49:216-225.
3.
Alves LS, Brusius CD, Damé-Teixeira N, Maltz M, Susin C: Dental erosion among 12-year-old schoolchildren: a population-based cross-sectional study in South Brazil. Int Dent J 2015;65:322-330.
4.
Bartlett D, Ganss C, Lussi A: Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE): a new scoring system for scientific and clinical needs. Clin Oral Investig 2008;12(suppl 1):S65-S68.
5.
Correr GM, Alonso RCB, Correa MA, Campos EA, Baratto-Filho F, Puppin-Rontani RM: Influence of diet and salivary characteristics on the prevalence of dental erosion among 12-year-old schoolchildren. J Dent Child (Chic) 2009;76:181-187.
6.
Dugmore CR, Rock WP: The progression of tooth erosion in a cohort of adolescents of mixed ethnicity. Int J Paediatr Dent 2003;13:295-303.
7.
Dugmore CR, Rock WP: The Prevalence of tooth erosion in 12-year-old children. Br Dent J 2004;196:279-282.
8.
El Aidi H, Bronkhorst EM, Huysmans MC, Truin GJ: Multifactorial analysis of factors associated with the incidence and progression of erosive tooth wear. Caries Res 2011;45:303-312.
9.
Gatou T, Mamai-Homata E: Tooth wear in the deciduous dentition of 5- to 7-year-old children: risk factors. Clin Oral Investig 2012;16:923-933.
10.
González-Aragón Pineda ÁE, Borges-Yáñez SA, Lussi A, Irigoyen-Camacho ME, Angeles Medina F: Prevalence of erosive tooth wear and associated factors in a group of Mexican adolescents. J Am Dent Assoc 2016;147:92-97.
11.
Grippo JO, Simring M, Schreiner S: Attrition, abrasion, corrosion and abfraction revisited: a new perspective on tooth surface lesions. J Am Dent Assoc 2004;135:1109-1117.
12.
Gurgel CV, Rios D, Buzalaf MA, Da Silva SM, Araujo JJ, Pauletto AR, de Andrade Moreira Machado MA: Dental erosion in a group of 12- and 16-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren. Pediatr Dent 2011;33:23-28.
13.
Hamasha AAH, Zawaideh FI, Al-Hadithy RT: Risk indicators associated with dental erosion among Jordanian school children aged 12-14 years of age. Int J Paediatr Dent 2014;24:56-68.
14.
Harding MA, Whelton HP, Shirodaria SC, O Mullane DM, Cronin MS: Is tooth wear in the primary dentition predictive of tooth wear in the permanent dentition? Report from a longitudinal study. Community Dent Health 2010;27:41-45.
15.
Huang LL, Leishman S, Newman B, Seow WK: Association of erosion with timing of detection and selected risk factors: a longitudinal study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2015;25:165-73.
16.
Huew R, Waterhouse PJ, Moynihan PJ, Kometa S, Maguire A: Dental erosion and its association with diet in Libyan schoolchildren. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2011;12:234-240.
17.
Kazoulis S, Seow WK, Holcombe T, Newman B, Ford D: Common dental conditions with dental erosion in schoolchildren in Australia. Pediatr Dent 2007;29:33-39.
18.
Linnet V, Seow WK: Dental erosion in children: a literature review. Pediatr Dent 2001;23:37-43.
19.
Luo Y, Zeng XJ, Du MQ, Bedi R: The prevalence of dental erosion in preschool children in China. J Dent 2005;33:115-121.
20.
Lussi A: Tooth erosion clinical diagnosis and case history taking. Eur J Oral Sci 1996:104:191-198.
21.
Mangueira DF, Sampaio FC, Oliveira AF: Association between socioeconomic factors and dental erosion in Brazilian schoolchildren. J Public Health Dent 2009;69:254-259.
22.
Mantonanaki M, Koletsi-Kounari H, Mamai-Homata E, Papaioannou W: Dental erosion prevalence and associated risk indicators among preschool children in Athens, Greece. Clin Oral Investig 2013;17:585-593.
23.
Margaritis V, Mamai-Homata E, Koletsi-Kounari H, Polychronopoulou A: Evaluation of three different scoring systems for dental erosion: a comparative study in adolescents. J Dent 2011;39:88-93.
24.
Marthaler TM: Changes in dental caries 1953-2003. Caries Res 2004;38:173-181.
25.
Mulic A, Tveit AB, Wang NJ, Hove LH, Espelid I, Skaare AB: Reliability of two clinical scoring systems for dental erosive wear. Caries Res 2010;44:294-299.
26.
Muller-Bolla M, Courson F, Smail-Faugeron V, Bernardin T, Lupi-Pégurier L: Dental erosion in French adolescents. BMC Oral Health 2015;15:147.
27.
Murakami C, Oliveira LB, Sheiham A, Correa MSNP, Haddad AE, Bonecker M: Risk indicators for erosive tooth wear in Brazilian preschool children. Caries Res 2011;45:121-129.
28.
Murakami C, Tello G, Abanto J, Oliveira LB, Bonini GC, Bönecker M: Trends in the prevalence of erosive tooth wear in Brazilian preschool children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2016;26:60-65.
29.
Nayak SS, Ashokkumar BR, Ankola AV, Hebbal M: Distribution and severity of erosion among 5-year-old children in a city in India. J Dent Child (Chic) 2010;77:152-157.
30.
O'Brien M: Children's Dental Health in the United Kingdom 1993. London, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Her Majesty's Stationary Office, 1994.
31.
O'Sullivan EA: A new index for the measurement of erosion in children. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2000;1:69-74.
32.
Olley RC, Wilson R, Bartlett D, Moazzez R: Validation of the Basic Erosive Wear Examination. Caries Res. 2014;48:51-56.
33.
Peres KG, Armenio MF, Peres MA, Traebert J, De Lacerda JT: Dental erosion in 12-year-old schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study in Southern Brazil. Int J Paediatr Dent 2005;15:249-255.
34.
Ratnayake N, Ekanayake L: Prevalence and distribution of tooth wear among Sri Lankan adolescents. Oral Health Prev Dent 2010;8:331-337.
35.
Rios D, Magalhaes AC, Honorio HM, Buzalaf MA, Lauris JR, de Andrade Moreira Machado MA: The prevalence of deciduous tooth wear in six-year-old children and its relationship with potential explanatory factors. Oral Health Prev Dent 2007;5:167-171.
36.
Sanhouri NM, Ziada HM, Ahmed GI, Kamis AH: Tooth surface loss, prevalence and associated risk factors among 12-14 years school children in Khartoum State, Sudan. Community Dent Health 2010 27;206-212.
37.
Smith BG, Knight JK: An index for measuring the wear of teeth. Br Dent J 1984;156:435-438.
38.
Tao DY, Hao G, Lu HX, Tian Y, Feng XP: Dental erosion among children aged 3-6 years and its associated indicators. J Public Health Dent 2015;75:291-297.
39.
Vered Y, Lussi A, Zini A, Gleitman J, Sgan-Cohen HD: Dental erosive wear assessment among adolescents and adults utilizing the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) scoring system. Clin Oral Investig 2014;18:1985-1990.
40.
Walker A, Gregory J, Bradnock G, Nunn J, White D: National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Young People Aged 4-18 years. Volume 2. Report of the Oral Health Survey. London, Her Majesty's Stationary Office, 2000, p 292.
41.
Wang P, Lin HC, Chen JH, Liang HY: The prevalence of dental erosion and associated risk factors in 12- to 13-year-old school children in Southern China. BMC Public Health 2010;10:478.
42.
World Health Organization: Oral Health Surveys - Basic Methods, ed 4. Geneva, WHO, 1997.
43.
Wiegand A., Muller J, Werner C, Attin T: Prevalence of erosive tooth wear and associated risk factors in 2- to 7-year-old German kindergarten children. Oral Dis 2006;12:117-124.
44.
Zhang S, Chau AM, Lo EC, Chu CH: Dental caries and erosion status of 12-year-old Hong Kong children. BMC Public Health 2014;14:7.
45.
Zhang J, Du Y, Wei Z, Tai B, Jiang H, Du M: The prevalence and risk indicators of tooth wear in 12- and 15-year-old adolescents in Central China. BMC Oral Health 2015;15:120.
© 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel
2016
Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer
Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
You do not currently have access to this content.