For assessment of sensitive health behaviors (e.g., sexual behavior, violent behaviors, substance use), research is typically limited to an examination of self-reports of past behavior. Audio computer-assisted self-interviews (ACASI) may enhance the validity of self-report data in research and clinical settings by reducing measurement bias. This paper provides an introduction to ACASI for collection of self-reported health data. The potential benefits and cost-effectiveness of ACASI use in research and clinical settings are reviewed. We then review the theoretical underpinnings that may underlie differential reporting of health behaviors between assessment modalities. Next, we highlight studies that have investigated differences in self-reported health behaviors between assessment modalities. Lastly, we summarize potential applications of ACASI assessments within clinical settings.

1.
Blais AR, Thompson MM, Baranski JV: Individual differences in decision processing and confidence judgments in comparative judgment tasks: the role of cognitive styles. Pers Individ Dif 2005;38:1701-1713.
2.
Blicher B, Joshipura K, Eke P: Validation of self-reported periodontal disease: a systematic review. J Dent Res 2005;84:881-890.
3.
Bloom DE: Technology, experimentation, and the quality of survey data. Science 1998;280:847-848.
4.
Brener ND, Billy JO, Grady WR: Assessment of factors affecting the validity of self-reported health-risk behavior among adolescents: evidence from the scientific literature. J Adolesc Health 2003;33:436-457.
5.
Brown JL, Vanable PA: The effects of assessment mode and privacy level on self-reports of risky sexual behaviors and substance use among young women. J Appl Soc Psychol 2009;39:2756-2778.
6.
Brown JL, Vanable PA, Eriksen MD: Computer assisted self-interviews: a cost effectiveness analysis. Behav Res Methods 2008;40:1-7.
7.
Catania JA, Gibson DR, Chitwood DD, Coates TJ: Methodological problems in AIDS behavioral research: influences on measurement error and participation bias in studies of sexual behavior. Psychol Bull 1990;108:339-362.
8.
Cherry JC, Moffatt TP, Rodriguez C, Dryden K: Diabetes disease management program for an indigent population empowered by telemedicine technology. Diabetes Technol Ther 2002;4:783-791.
9.
Chinman M, Hassell J, Magnabosco J, Nowlin-Finch N, Marusak S, Young AS: The feasibility of computerized patient self-assessment at mental health clinics. Adm Policy Ment Health 2007;34:401-409.
10.
Chinman M, Young AS, Schell T, Hassell J, Mintz J: Computer-assisted self-assessment in persons with severe mental illness. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:1343-1351.
11.
Chisolm DJ, Klima J, Gardner W, Kelleher KJ: Adolescent behavioral risk screening and use of health services. Adm Policy Ment Health 2009;36:374-380.
12.
Cumming JJ, Elkins J: Stability of strategy use for addition facts: a training study and implications for instruction. J Cogn Educ 1996;5:101-116.
13.
Currivan DB, Nyman AL, Turner CF, Biener L: Does telephone audio computer-assisted self-interviewing improve the accuracy of prevalence estimates of youth smoking? Evidence from the UMass Tobacco Study. Public Opin Q 2004;68:542-564.
14.
Davidson OR, Stevens DE, Goddard GV, Bilkey DK: The performance of a sample of traumatic head-injured patients on some novel computer-assisted neuropsychological tests. Appl Psychol 1987;36:329-342.
15.
Des Jarlais DC, Paone D, Milliken J, Turner CF, Miller H, Gribble J, Friedman SR: Audio-computer interviewing to measure risk behaviour for HIV among injecting drug users: a quasi-randomised trial. Lancet 1999;353:1657-1661.
16.
Epstein JF, Barker PR, Kroutil LA: Mode effects in self-reported mental health data. Public Opin Q 2001;65:529-549.
17.
Erdman HP, Klein MH, Greist JH: Direct patient computer interviewing. J Consult Clin Psychol 1985;53:760-773.
18.
Guendelman S, Meade K, Benson M, Chen YQ, Samuels S: Improving asthma outcomes and self-management behaviors of inner-city children: a randomized trial of the Health Buddy interactive device and an asthma diary. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002;156:114-120.
19.
Günther VK, Schäfer P, Holzner BJ, Kemmler GW: Long-term improvements in cognitive performance through computer-assisted cognitive training: a pilot study in a residential home for older people. Aging Ment Health 2003;7:200-206.
20.
Harmon T, Turner CF, Rogers SM, Eggleston E, Roman AM, Villarroel MA, Li S: Impact of T-ACASI on survey measurements of subjective phenomena. Public Opin Q 2009;73:255-280.
21.
Islam MM, Topp L, Conigrave KM, van Beek I, Maher L, White A, Day CA: The reliability of sensitive information provided by injecting drug users in a clinical setting: clinician-administered versus audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI). AIDS Care 2012;24:1496-1503.
22.
Jamieson LM, Thomson WM, McGee R: An assessment of the validity and reliability of dental self-report items used in a National Child Nutrition Survey. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2004;32:49-54.
23.
Jennings TE, Lucenko BA, Malow RM, Devieux JG: Audio-CASI versus interview method of administration of an HIV/STD risk of exposure screening instrument for teenagers. Int J STD AIDS 2002;13:781-784.
24.
Johnson AM, Copas AJ, Erens B, Mandalia S, Fenton K, Korovessis C, Field J: Effect of computer-assisted self-interviews on reporting of sexual HIV risk behaviours in a general population sample: a methodological experiment. AIDS 2001;15:111-115.
25.
Kurth AE, Martin DP, Golden MR, Weiss NS, Heagerty PJ, Spielberg F, Holmes KK: A comparison between audio computer-assisted self-interviews and clinician interviews for obtaining the sexual history. Sex Transm Dis 2004;31:719-726.
26.
Kurth AE, Spielberg F, Rossini A, Group UAW: STD/HIV risk: what should we measure, and how should we measure it? Int J STD AIDS 2001;12(suppl 2):171.
27.
Levin HM: Cost-Effectiveness: A Primer. Beverly Hills, Sage, 1983.
28.
Metzger DS, Koblin B, Turner C, Navaline H, Valenti F, Holte S, Seage GR 3rd: Randomized controlled trial of audio computer-assisted self-interviewing: utility and acceptability in longitudinal studies. HIVNET Vaccine Preparedness Study Protocol Team. Am J Epidemiol 2000;152:99-106.
29.
Newman JC, Des Jarlais DC, Turner CF, Gribble J, Cooley P, Paone D: The differential effects of face-to-face and computer interview modes. Am J Public Health 2002;92:294-297.
30.
Paperny DM, Aono JY, Lehman RM, Hammar SL, Risser J: Computer-assisted detection and intervention in adolescent high-risk health behaviors. J Pediatr 1990;116:456-462.
31.
Perlis TE, Des Jarlais DC, Friedman SR, Arasteh K, Turner CF: Audio-computerized self-interviewing versus face-to-face interviewing for research data collection at drug abuse treatment programs. Addiction 2004;99:885-896.
32.
Robinson R, West R: A comparison of computer and questionnaire methods of history-taking in a genito-urinary clinic. Psychol Health 1992;6:77-84.
33.
Romer D, Hornik R, Stanton B, Black M, Li X, Ricardo I, Feigelman S: ‘Talking' computers: a reliable and private method to conduct interviews on sensitive topics with children. J Sex Res 1997;34:3-9.
34.
Schackman BR, Dastur Z, Rubin DS, Berger J, Camhi E, Netherland J, Finkelstein R: Feasibility of using audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) screening in routine HIV care. AIDS Care 2009;21:992-999.
35.
Schaeffer NC: Asking questions about threatening topics: a selective overview; in Stone AA, Turkkan JS, Bachrach CA, Jobe JB, Kurtzman HS, Cain V (eds): The Science of Self-Report: Implications for Research and Practice. Mahwah, Erlbaum, 2000, pp 105-121.
36.
Schroder KE, Carey MP, Vanable PA: Methodological challenges in research on sexual risk behavior. II. Accuracy of self-reports. Ann Behav Med 2003;26:104-123.
37.
Swadi H: Validating and improving the validity of self-reports in adolescent substance misuse surveys. J Drug Issues 1990;20:473-486.
38.
Tourangeau R: Remembering what happened: memory errors and survey reports; in Stone AA, Turkkan JS, Bachrach CA, Jobe JB, Kurtzman HS, Cain VS (eds): The Science of Self-Report: Implications for Research and Practice. Mahwah, Erlbaum, 2000, pp 29-47.
39.
Turner CF, Ku L, Rogers SM, Lindberg LD, Pleck JH, Sonenstein FL: Adolescent sexual behavior, drug use, and violence: increased reporting with computer survey technology. Science 1998;280:867-873.
40.
Turner CF, Miller HG, Rogers SM: Survey measurement of sexual behavior: problems and progress; in Bancroft J (ed): Researching Sexual Behavior: Methodological Issues. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1997, pp 37-60.
41.
Webb PM, Zimet GD, Fortenberry JD, Blythe MJ: Comparability of a computer-assisted versus written method for collecting health behavior information from adolescent patients. J Adolesc Health 1999;24:383-388.
42.
Weinhardt LS, Forsyth AD, Carey MP, Jaworski BC, Durant LE: Reliability and validity of self-report measures of HIV-related sexual behavior: progress since 1990 and recommendations for research and practice. Arch Sex Behav 1998;27:155-180.
43.
White RF, James KE, Vasterling JJ, Letz R, Marans K, Delaney R, Kraemer HC: Neuropsychological screening for cognitive impairment using computer-assisted tasks. Assessment 2003;10:86-101.
44.
Williams CA, Templin T, Mosley-Williams AD: Usability of a computer-assisted interview system for the unaided self-entry of patient data in an urban rheumatology clinic. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2004;11:249-259.
Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer
Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
You do not currently have access to this content.