... of hyponatremia with diuretic response, renal function, and clinical outcomes in AHF. Methods: A retrospective study included 499 hospitalized AHF patients treated with intravenous loop diuretics for ≥48 h. Patients were grouped by nadir sodium concentrations (normonatremic, NN) ≥135 mEq/l, (mild hyponatremia...

... potassium concentration increase may contribute to precipitate atrial fibrillation. Arrhythmias Atrial fibrillation Na,K-ATPase Potassium Prediction Diuretics Cardiac surgery Postoperative atrial fibrillation is a common complication to surgery. It occurs in up to 64% of patients undergoing...

... and fatigue. Diuretics are effective in relieving edema, and dyspnea resulting from pulmonary edema. Once pulmonary edema has been treated relatively few agents are effective against residual exercise-induced dyspnea, possibly because of the numerous possible causes of this symptom. Angiotensin-converting...

... to be a rational clinical choice for patients whose blood pressures do not normalize on CLZ monotherapy. 12 09 1994 15 09 1994 18 11 2008 Cilazapril Hypertension Antihypertensive agents Angiotensin-converting enzyme Inhibitors Diuretics Thiazide Clinical Pharmacology Cardiology...

... inhibitors Diuretics Thiazide Clinical Pharmacology Cardiology 1994;85:311-322 Robert C. Pordy Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, N.J., USA Cilazapril plus Hydrochlorothiazide: Improved Efficacy without Reduced Safety in Mild to Moderate Hypertension A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Study...

...L.E. Ramsay; W.W. Yeo; P.R. Jackson Hypokalaemia, hyperuricaemia, hypomagnesaemia and alterations to lipid and glucose metabolism undoubtedly occur with loop and thiazide diuretic treatment. Many of the metabolic effects induced by thiazide diuretics, however, can be limited by the use of low doses...

...Jules B Puschett Diuretics may be classified according to their chemical structure, their mechanism and site of action within the nephron, and their diuretic potency. Those agents with primary action in the proximal nephron include the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, e.g. acetazolamide...

...Roland E Schmieder; Jürgen K Rockstroh Prospective studies have emphasized the key role for diuretics in the treatment of high blood pressure. Short-acting loop diuretics have not achieved the same acceptance as the thiazides in treatment of hypertension. Newer long-acting compounds, however...

... and nephrotic syndrome, hyperreabsorption of sodium in the proximal tubule reduces the sodium load in the more distal segments of the nephron. As this is a major site of sodium excretion, reduction in the response to a diuretic may be predicted by a reduced fractional excretion of sodium ( < 0.2...

...B. Silke An immediate improvement in haemodynamic variables and cardiac performance is achieved in chronic heart failure following diuretic therapy, primarily due to reductions in plasma and extracellular fluid volumes. Humoral markers of these alterations are increased plasma renin, angiotensin...

...Craig Brater The mechanism(s) responsible for diuretic resistance differ in different clinical conditions. Renal insufficiency is a prototype of a pharmacokinetic mechanism wherein the disease causes decreased delivery of diuretic to its urinary site of action. Hepatic cirrhosis, on the other hand...

...Marvin Moser Diuretic-based hypertension treatment trials have universally demonstrated a reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in treated compared with placebo or control subjects. Progression to more severe hypertension has been reduced together with reversal of left ventricular...

...V. Papademetriou Ventricular arrhythmias pose a serious risk in patients with high blood pressure. The concept that diuretics predispose to life-threatening arrhythmias, however, was originally based solely on observations made in patients with severe congestive heart failure pretreated...

...Shaun O’Keeffe; Helen Grimes; Joseph Finn; Patricia McMurrough; Kieran Daly Lymphocyte potassium and magnesium were measured before and 3 months after the introduction of captopril in 18 patients taking diuretics for congestive heart failure. Compared to 32 healthy controls, 9 patients who had been...

... of heart failure. There appears to be a trend to begin treatment with both a diuretic and a vasodilator regimen in patients with symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. Converting enzyme inhibitors have been shown to clearly benefit patients with class IV heart failure. The role of digitalis, other...

... have been helpful in formulating treatment strategies for patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have emerged as distinctly useful pharmacologic therapy for this condition, and digitalis and diuretics are still widely used. New clinical trials are being...

...H. Schiffl; P. Schollmeyer In 72 outpatients with early stage disease and mild to moderate hypertension, metabolic parameters were evaluated before and during 6 years of treatment with two different thiazide diuretic-based antihypertensive therapy regimens. Compared to the untreated state, chronic...

... 12.3 ± 0.7 (p < 0.001), chlorothiazide 13.1 ± 1.0 (p < 0.001) and hydrochlorothiazide + amiloride 18.6 ± 0.7 (p = NS). There was a statistically significant relationship between the number of months the patients had been on diuretics and their lymphocyte potassium concentrations. Serum...

... modalities. Thereafter a stepped-care progam with pharmacological entities has been advocated using diuretic, antiadrenergic, and vasodilating agents. However, new modes of action have been introduced therapeutically during these years through inhibition of heretofore unexplored pressor mechanisms; some may...

...W. Franklin Peacock; Maria Rosa Costanzo; Teresa De Marco; Margarita Lopatin; Janet Wynne; Roger M. Mills; Charles L. Emerman The optimal use of diuretics in decompensated heart failure remains uncertain. We analyzed data from the ADHERE registry to look at the impact of diuretic dosing. 62,866...