... to in the content or advertisements. Birth defects Folic acid Food fortification Neural tube defects Primary prevention Folic acid (folate) is a water-soluble vitamin of the B-complex group. It is essential for specific metabolic reactions in the cell and vital for the proper metabolism and normal...

...(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Birth defects Community genetics Health policies Medical services Public health Medical genetic services...

... of recent advances in medical genetics, demand for genetic services has increased, reinforcing the need for programs for the management and prevention of genetic diseases and birth defects, especially at primary health care level. An overview of these issues in Brazil is presented here, with information...

... and prevention of birth defects. History and Evolution: From the institutional point of view, ECLAMC has had headquarters in diverse centers of Argentina and Brazil, but always as an independent research project, without a defined administrative link. ECLAMC began operating in 1967, as an investigation limited...

... to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Thalidomide Birth defects Quality of life Women’s health Almost 40 years ago, in November 1961, thalidomide, West Germany’s best-selling sedative was withdrawn...

...Victor B. Penchaszadeh The birth prevalence of congenital anomalies in developing countries is similar to that observed in developed countries. However, the health impact of birth defects is higher because of a lack of adequate services for the care of affected infants and a higher rate...

... and functions of ENTIS are: (1) to counsel on risk assessment in pregnancy, (2) to recognize and detect risk factors in order to prevent birth defects, and (3) to increase knowledge by stimulating the exchange of experiences and providing counseling training courses. TIS units vary in staff size, population...

.... Diabetes mellitus Pregnancy Preconception Congenital malformations Congenital anomalies Fetus Birth defects Glycosylated hemoglobin Screening Echocardiography Ultrasonography Maternal serum screening Counseling Folic acid In the following report, we discuss four aspects related...

...C. Stoll; R. Tenconi; M. Clementi Objectives: Birth defects are a major health burden. Primary prevention is at present emerging, i.e. folate supplementation. When it is not possible, as is still the case for most birth defects, research is needed to determine how an optimal provision of prenatal...

...Victor B. Penchaszadeh Latin America is a region of medium-to-low income countries with health indicators in transition towards patterns seen in developed countries, with growing importance of birth defects and genetic disorders as causes of morbidity and mortality. Over the past 20 years, tertiary...

... to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Birth defects Folic acid South America Periconceptional supplementation of folic acid and rubella vaccination are considered as the most efficient measures...

... with a particular defect is not a ‘birth defect rate’ but rather a prevalence proportion. Incidence Prevalence Epidemiology Birth defects Congenital anomalies Genetic disease When scientists involved in the epidemiology of congenital anomalies (including genetic diseases) want to compare studies...

...J. Reefhuis; G.R.J. Zandwijken; H.E.K. de Walle; M.C. Cornel Objective: To survey the associations between several risk factors and birth defects, in order to detect potential new teratogens. Methods: Data of the two Dutch European Registration of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) registries collected...

...Patricia A. Baird Objectives: Birth defects occur in populations in 3–5% of births. This paper assesses whether population-wide screening programmes for pregnant women would be likely to result in major decreases in the prevalence of birth defects. Method: Relevant literature on this question...