The antibacterial activity of the combination ampicillin/cloxacillin has been tested in vitro against 300 pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. Synergism was observed for 43% of strains of E. coli, 56% of Klebsiella, 42% of Proteus mirabilis and 88% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In most cases the degree of synergism was not considerable. The combination of ampicillin/cloxacillin represented a broader antibacterial spectrum than either drug alone for Klebsiella-Enterobacter, indole-positive Proteus and Pseudomonas strains; this effect was more pronounced when high concentrations of antibiotics were considered. A randomized study of the clinical effectiveness of relatively low doses of ampicillin/cloxacillin therapy, as compared to ampicillin alone, was performed in 48 patients with significant bacteriuria or urinary-tract infections. No difference in the rate of clinical cure was detected. The inhibitory activity against ampicillin-resistant organisms of urine from patients treated with ampicillin/cloxacillin was not different from that observed with urine of patients receiving ampicillin alone. It is suggested that further studies with this combination should be performed with much higher doses of both antibiotics.

Keywords:
Ampicillin, Comparison, Cloxacillin combination, Urinary-tract infection, Antibacterial spectrum
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© 1972 S. Karger AG, Basel
1972
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