... and exhibit pairing between homologous chromosomes. These features of SCs facilitate the study of the small chromosomes that are typical in fish. Moreover, it allows the study of heteromorphisms in sex chromosomes and supernumerary chromosomes. In addition, it enables the investigation of the pairing between...

...Artem P. Lisachov; Massimo Giovannotti; Jorge C. Pereira; Daria A. Andreyushkova; Svetlana A. Romanenko; Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith; Pavel M. Borodin; Vladimir A. Trifonov Reptiles show a remarkable diversity of sex determination mechanisms and sex chromosome systems, derived from different...

...Kohei Washio; Shusei Mizushima; Takamichi Jogahara; Asato Kuroiwa Two species of spiny rats, Tokudaia osimensis and Tokudaia tokunoshimensis , show an X0/X0 sex chromosome constitution due to the lack of a Y chromosome. The Sry gene has been completely lost from the genome of these species. We...

...Artem P. Lisachov; Alexey I. Makunin; Massimo Giovannotti; Jorge C. Pereira; Anna S. Druzhkova; Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi; Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith; Vladimir A. Trifonov Pleurodont lizards are characterized by an ancient system of sex chromosomes. Along with stability of the central component...

... for evolutionary cytogenetic studies due to giant sex chromosomes which are asynaptic during meiosis. Transposable elements (TEs) confer plasticity and mobility to genomes and are considered hotspots for DNA double-strand breaks and chromosomal rearrangements. The objective of the present study was to verify...

... and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Interstitial telomeric sequences Sex chromosomes W chromosome 18S + 28S rDNA Lacertid lizards represent...

..., Arini). We found 2n = 48, corresponding to the lowest diploid number observed in Neotropical Psittaciformes so far, with an uncommonly large W chromosome homomorphic to the Z. In order to better understand the evolution of the sex chromosomes in this species, we applied several molecular cytogenetic...

...Marcela B. Pucci; Patricia Barbosa; Viviane Nogaroto; Mara C. Almeida; Roberto F. Artoni; Priscila C. Scacchetti; José C. Pansonato-Alves; Fausto Foresti; Orlando Moreira-Filho; Marcelo R. Vicari Sex chromosome evolution involves the accumulation of repeat sequences such as multigenic families...

...Stanley K. Sessions; Lilijana Bizjak Mali; David M. Green; Vladimir Trifonov; Malcolm Ferguson-Smith A major goal of genomic and reproductive biology is to understand the evolution of sex determination and sex chromosomes. Species of the 2 genera of the Salamander family Proteidae - Necturus...

...Terje Raudsepp; Bhanu P. Chowdhary The pseudoautosomal region (PAR) is a unique segment of sequence homology between differentiated sex chromosomes where recombination occurs during meiosis. Molecular and functional properties of the PAR are distinctive from the autosomes and the remaining regions...

...Michail Rovatsos; Martina Johnson Pokorná; Lukáš Kratochvíl Highly differentiated heteromorphic ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes with a heterochromatic W are a basic principle among advanced snakes of the lineage Colubroidea, while other snake lineages generally lack these characteristics. For the first time...

..., mainly in the sex chromosomes. The FISH physical mapping revealed that both Rex1 and Rex3 elements are dispersed in small clusters throughout the chromosomes of all cytotypes analyzed. However, conspicuous blocks occur in several samples, including an accentuated accumulation of the Rex3 element in X 1...

.... This study assesses sex-biased gene expression in an amphibian with homomorphic ZW sex chromosomes, the Western clawed frog Silurana (Xenopus)tropicalis . Previous work has shown that the sex chromosomes in this species are mainly undifferentiated and pseudoautosomal. Consistent with ongoing recombination...

...Stephanie Tamschick; Beata Rozenblut-Kościsty; Lucio Bonato; Christophe Dufresnes; Petros Lymberakis; Werner Kloas; Maria Ogielska; Matthias Stöck Due to the prevailing sex chromosome homomorphy and large genome size, the knowledge on sex determination systems, sex chromosomes and sex-determining...

... acrocentrics (a); ♀ 12m + 4sm + 2st + 38a) and G. stomatus (2n = 56; ♂ 20m + 14sm + 1st + 21a; ♀ 20m + 14sm + 2st + 20a) possess the highest diploid chromosome number among the Gobiidae and have different karyotypes. Both species share an XX/XY sex chromosome system with a large subtelocentric X and a small...

... Chromosomal races Heterochromatin <italic>Microtus</italic> Pericentromeric region Pericentromeric repeated sequences Sex chromosomes Pericentromeric and centromeric regions of chromosomes contain diverse arrays of repeated DNA sequences. Despite their relevance in centromeric...

...Elkin Y. Suárez-Villota; José C. Pansonato-Alves; Fausto Foresti; Milton H. Gallardo Unlike the X chromosome, the mammalian Y chromosome undergoes evolutionary decay resulting in small size. This sex chromosomal heteromorphism, observed in most species of the fossorial rodent Ctenomys , contrasts...

...Magda Soukupova; Eva Nevrtalova; Jana Čížková; Ivan Vogel; Radim Cegan; Roman Hobza; Boris Vyskot Silene latifolia (or white campion) possesses a well-established sex determination system with a dominant Y chromosome in males (the mammalian type). The heteromorphic sex chromosomes X and Y in S...

... the X 1 sex chromosome but not the Y chromosome. This is the first report of U2 snRNA genes in sex chromosomes of fishes. The absence of sites in the Y chromosome of G . pantanal indicates a possible loss of terminal segments of the chromosomes involved in the Y formation. 5S rDNA, U2 snDNA...

... and morphologically similar chromosomes. The sister group relationship between the Centrolenidae and Allophrynidae (unranked taxon Allocentroleniae) is clearly corroborated by the cytogenetic data. The existence of heteromorphic XY♂/XX♀ sex chromosomes in an initial stage of morphological differentiation...