..., instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. 2020 Evolution Functional relevance Male infertility Marker panel Meiosis DFG Unintended childlessness affects an estimated 7–15% of couples during the reproductive phase, thus being a major public health...

..., quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. 2020 Evolution Fertilization Genome Protein function Protein structure...

... responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. 2020 Chicken Comparative map Database Diploid number Evolution Karyotypes Databases present a valuable source of information...

... to in the content or advertisements. Cattle Evolution FISH Karyotype Sheep Both cattle ( Bos taurus , BTA) and sheep ( Ovis aries , OAR) belong to the Bovidae family, which appeared for the first time at around 23 Mya [Vrba, 1979; Kingdon, 1989]. However, these 2 species belong to different...

..., the evolution of the genomes of the 3 main species belonging to the Bovidae family - B. taurus (BTA), Ovis aries (OAR), and Capra hircus (CHI) - has led to few chromosome rearrangements. Certainly, the availability and free access to the animal genomes significantly contributed to the improvement of animal...

... or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Accessory chromosome Chromosome rearrangement Drive Evolution Genome...

... to in the content or advertisements. 2019 Evolution Sex chromosomes Sex determination <italic>Sox3</italic> <italic>Tokudaia</italic> X0/X0 system Y chromosome Sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box genes are a large family of genes encoding...

... chromosome evolution in vertebrates. Reptile karyotypes are also unique, as being the only vertebrate group where the majority of the species possess variable numbers of macro- and microchromosomes, which was first reported for iguanids and teiids in 1921. In addition, many reptiles have microchromosomes...

... studies have proposed an autosomal origin of the B chromosome in X. d. angulatus , little is known about its repetitive DNA composition and evolutionary dynamics. The aim of the present work was to shed light on the B chromosome evolution in X. d. angulatus by cytogenetic analysis of 27 populations from...

... of the eukaryotic chromosome in the evolution. This paper expands the ‘centromere-from-telomere' hypothesis by integrating it with 2 sets of data: chromosome-specific telomere length distribution and chromomere size gradient. The integration adds a new dimension to the hypothesis but also provides an insight...

... turnovers in sex determination. We evaluate the published literature and newly collected comparative cytogenetic data (G- and C-banding, 18S-NOR, and telomere-FISH mapping) from 13 species spanning 2n = 28-68 to revisit turtle genome evolution and sex determination. Interstitial telomeric sites were...

...Stanley K. Sessions; Lilijana Bizjak Mali; David M. Green; Vladimir Trifonov; Malcolm Ferguson-Smith A major goal of genomic and reproductive biology is to understand the evolution of sex determination and sex chromosomes. Species of the 2 genera of the Salamander family Proteidae - Necturus...

... the basis for our understanding of biodiversity and evolution. In this review, we go through different aspects of this essential phenomenon, paying special attention to mammals. We provide a comprehensive view on the organization of meiotic chromosomes and the mechanisms involved in the formation...

...Elizabeth C. Leininger; Darcy B. Kelley The extant species of African clawed frogs (Xenopus and Silurana) provide an opportunity to link the evolution of vocal characters to changes in the responsible cellular and molecular mechanisms. In this review, we integrate several robust lines of research...

... or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. 2015 Cnidaria Evolution Mammalia Meiosis Synaptonemal complex...

... future extension of this evidence to the entire DMRT1 gene. We further create a chain of evidence, which supports the hypothesis that linkage group 1 of X. tropicalis appears to be maintained as the largest chromosome (1), and thus is homologous in anuran karyotype evolution from pipid to hylid, bufonid...

... to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Class III loci Evolution Genetic mapping Major histocompatibility complex A key component of the vertebrate immune system is the major histocompatibility complex...

... approaches for a better comprehension of evolution in A . fasciatus seems mandatory. Thus, this study aimed to characterize a sample of A . fasciatus from headwater streams of the Tietê River basin by means of cytogenetic and molecular analyses. The results highlight the existence of 2 distinct...

... determination in animals and our emerging understanding of how animal sex determination systems may hamper or enable polyploidization, including some recent data on haplodiploids. We discuss the role of polyploidy in evolution and ecology, using a gene regulation perspective, and conclude with a synopsis...

... in detail the latter below. Aneuploidy Cancer Evolution Fungi Infectious diseases Parasites Phenotypic variation During the past decade excellent genetic and biochemical studies have shed light onto the elegant processes that ensure accurate chromosome segregation during cell division...