Unter dem diagnostischen oder therapeutischen Aspekt einer Splenektomie lassen sich die hämatologischen Erkrankungen, bei denen eine Mitbeteiligung der Milz vorliegt, in drei Gruppen zusammenfassen: Bei der akuten lymphatischen Leukämie, der akuten myeloischen Leukämie, der chronischen lymphatischen Leukämie, der chronischen myeloischen Leukämie und den Non-Hodgkin-Lymphomen ergeben sich in aller Regel keine therapeutischen Konsequenzen. Beim Morbus Hodgkin, der Haarzellenleukämie und der Osteomyelofibrose hingegen ist die Splenektomie häufig indiziert. Obwohl die Milz nicht ursächlich beteiligt ist, führt die Splenektomie bei der idiopathischen thrombozytopenischen Purpura, der Kugelzellanämie, bestimmten erworbenen hämolytischen Anamien und beim Hyperspleniesyndrom häufig zu einer Besserung oder sogar zu einer klinischen «Heilung» des Krankheitsbildes.

Keywords:
Hämatologische Erkrankungen, Milzbeteiligung, Splenektomie
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© 1993 S. Karger AG, Basel
1993
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