... Protein-bound retention solutes Extracorporeal blood purification Uremic toxins Liver failure Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem due to its increasing incidence and prevalence [ 1 ]. It is defined as a progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function in which retention...

... and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. 2023 Leukocytes ER stress JNK Apoptosis Autophagy Uremia Uremic toxins Protein carbonyls Oxidative stress...

..., instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. 2023 Hemodialysis Ultrafiltration Hemofiltration Hemodiafiltration Uremic toxins End-stage kidney disease Treatment duration describes the amount of time per treatment episode and is preferably expressed in minutes...

...Kianoush Kashani; Mario G. Cozzolino; Ziad A. Massy; Peter J. Blankestijn; Peter Stenvinkel; Mitchell H. Rosner; Claudio Ronco Uremic toxins contribute to clinical manifestations of kidney dysfunction. These toxins include organic and inorganic elements or compounds. While the kidney typically...

... that imply unbalance deactivation and immunosuppression. The central, widely recognized factors responsible for this immune dysregulation are uremia, uremic toxin retention, hemodialysis membrane biocompatibility, and related cardiovascular complications. Recently, several studies strengthened the concept...

... for the elevated CVD morbidity and mortality in CKD population. Thus, it has been postulated and demonstrated that, besides traditional CVD risk factors, uremic patients present CKD-specific ones such as anemia, malnutrition, albuminuria, uremic toxins accumulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, mineral and bone...

..., sodium overload); (4) uremic toxins (calcium phosphate, indoxyl sulfate, advanced glycation end products). M. Cozzolino reports receiving research funding from Abbvie, Baxter, Keryx, and Shire; reports receiving honoraria from Abbvie, Amgen, Baxter, Shire, and Vifor-Fresenius; reports serving...

... are linked to the effect of adsorption. The hemodialysis (HD) treatment is intended to clear the uremic toxins accumulated in the patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, due to limitations imposed by membrane permeability, a significant amount of uremic molecules with medium-high molecular...

... Uremic toxins Urea Solute clearance Removal Protein-free fraction NIH We presume that an important part of the residual illness in patients maintained on hemodialysis is due to incomplete removal of uremic solutes [ 1‒4 ]. The variety of such solutes is enormous [ 2‒5 ]. Yet, we...

... levels of gut microbiome-derived uremic toxins (UTOX) may be affected by the choice of phosphate binder putatively through its impact on colonic transit time. We investigated two commonly prescribed phosphate binders, sevelamer carbonate (SEV) and sucroferric oxyhydroxide (SFO), and their association...

... for all the uremic toxins with Theranova® dialyzers for β2M, myoglobin, FLC-k, and FLC-λ (62.7, 56.9, 63.5, and 54.6%, respectively) during the 3 months. Albumin retention was observed and did not change between T 0 and T 3 ( p = 0.379). Conclusion: Compared to high-flux membranes, MCO membranes show...

...Mustafa Sevinc; Nuri Baris Hasbal; Vuslat Yilmaz; Taner Basturk; Elbis Ahbap; Tamer Sakaci; Perin Nazif Ozcafer; Abdulkadir Unsal Introduction: Removal of uremic toxins is a main objective of hemodialysis; however, whether high-flux and medium cut-off (MCO) membranes differ as regards removal...

...Isis S.F. Cordeiro; Lilian Cordeiro; Carolina S. Wagner; Luiza Karla R.P. Araújo; Benedito J. Pereira; Hugo Abensur; Rosilene M. Elias; Bruno C. Silva Background: Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) exhibit increased levels of uremic toxins, which are associated with poor outcomes...

.... Cytokines Gelsolin Hemodialysis Inflammation Uremic toxins Free triiodothyronine Hemodialysis Mortality Hospitalization While technical and clinical advances have improved morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), their outcomes continue to be poor, particularly...

...Xia Tao; Stephan Thijssen; Nathan Levin; Peter Kotanko; Garry Handelman Background: Indoxyl sulfate is a protein-bound uremic toxin and its dialytic clearance is comparatively low. We propose a method to increase indoxyl sulfate dialytic clearance. Methods: Human serum albumin, preloaded...

...Alessandra Brocca; Grazia Maria Virzì; Massimo de Cal; Vincenzo Cantaluppi; Claudio Ronco Background: The uremic syndrome is characterized by a deterioration of kidney function due to the accumulation of uremic toxins. Currently, 100 different uremic toxins have been identified. Uremic toxins...

...Filippo Aucella; Antonio Gesuete; Mimmo Vigilante; Michele Prencipe The uremic syndrome is characterized by the retention of various solutes that would normally be excreted by the kidneys. The substances that interact negatively with biologic functions are called uremic toxins. Over the past five...

...% of dialysis patients are affected with pruritus with or without concomitant skin lesions [ 2 ]. The cause of prurigo nodularis is unknown, but several hypotheses about its origin have been proposed such as iron deficiency, inflammation, hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism and uremic toxins. Uremic pruritus...

...Marta Piroddi; Desireé Bartolini; Silvia Ciffolilli; Francesco Galli Nondialyzable uremic toxins can be defined as solutes producing adverse biological effects that consequently to peculiar physicochemical features (mainly their large size and hydrophobic character) cannot leave the blood stream...

... with large-pore dialyzer membranes, and (3) protein-bound uremic toxins, mostly molecules with a molecular weight <500 Da, and traditionally known as ‘difficult to remove' by dialysis due to their protein binding. The main protein-bound solutes are listed in table 1 [ 1,2 ]. Probably, knowledge...