.... Dialysis Elderly Withdrawal Conservative care Palliative care Ethics As physicians we take an oath to ‘first do no harm.' We also are obligated to avoid suffering whenever possible. It is true our predictive models of outcomes are imperfect and need better validation. However, we make many...

... of life Palliative care Supportive care Elderly Frailty External validity tests the model's generalizability to populations beyond the study subjects [ 18 ]. Generalizability is described by reproducibility or internal validity discussed above, and transportability, the accuracy of the model...