...), the duration of the first VA was 398.81 days (±565.79), the mean number of VAs used was 2.26 (±1.15), and the median time undergoing HD was 728.73 days. The duration of catheter placement was 330.42 days, and 728.60 days for fistula use ( p = 0.001). The mean number of days of renal replacement was 611.59 days...

...Federico Nalesso; Francesco Garzotto; Eva Muraro; Alessandra Brendolan; Claudio Ronco Arteriovenous fistula cannulation for dialysis treatments in Europe has traditionally been done by metal needles. In -Japan, plastic cannulas have been available for many years and are used in the majority...