..., Fredriksson R: How crash severity in rear impacts influences short- and long-term consequences to the neck. Accid Anal Prev 2000;32:187-195. 4. Spitzer WO, Skonron ML, Salmi LR, Cassidy JD, Duranceau J, Suissa S, Zeiss E: Scientific monograph of the Quebec Task Force on Whiplash-Associated Disorders...

... Abstract Cervical whiplash injuries result in the cranial cervical syndrome (CCS); a complex of symptoms which include disabling intractable migraine headaches, neck pain, radiculomyelopathies, concentration and memory problems, visual disturbances, ataxia, nausea, autonomic disturbances...

... A, Heffez D, Kohles S: A case-control study of cerebellar tonsillar ectopia (Chiari) and head/neck trauma (whiplash). Brain Injury 2010;24:988-994. 8. Jinkins JR, Dworkin JS, Green CA, Greenhalgh JF, Gianni M, Gelbien M, Wolf RB, Damadian J, Damadian RV: Upright, weight-bearing, dynamic-kinetic MRI...

... Abstract The importance of scanning the spinal axis in the upright weight-bearing position is described. Recent observations regarding the incidence of cerebellar tonsillar ectopia following whiplash injury of the craniocervical junction is discussed, highlighting the increased sensitivity when...

.... 13. Freeman MD, Rosa S, Harshfield D, Smith F, Bennett R, Centeno CJ, Kornel E, Nystrom A, Heffez D, Kohles SS: A case control study of cerebellar tonsillar ectopia (Chiari) and head/neck trauma (whiplash). Brain Inj 2010;24:988-994. 14. Freeman MD, Croft AC, Rossignol AM, Weaver DS, Reiser M...

... accidents by the application of stereotactic cervical alignment (SCALE) methods: statistical review of 54 patients. J Whiplash Related Disord 2006;5:15-24. 6. Dolar MT, Haughton VM, Iskandar BJ, Quigley M: Effect of craniocervical decompression on peak CSF velocities in symptomatic patients with Chiari...

... [ 12 ]. Fatty infiltration of the rectus capitis minor muscle has been observed in patients with chronic whiplash. Misalignment (C₀-C 1 , C 1 -C 2 ) at the CCJ can also influence and have an effect on the cerebellar tonsillar position (due to the attachment of the dentate ligaments), which may...

... that the historical trauma events contributed directly to their permanent pathology in the cervical spine and that their cervical trauma histories were not immaterial. Four had received neck injuries in MVA, three of which were whiplash injuries, and the fourth a ‘reverse whiplash' (neck flexion preceding neck...

... Conference, Detroit, 1972. 7. Hirsch AE, Ommaya AK: Protection from brain injury: the relative significance of translational and rotational motions of the head after impact. 14th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Ann Arbor, 1970. 8. Ommaya AK, Hirsch AE, Martinez JL: The role of whiplash in cerebral...

... injuries in a young adult: a case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2015;55:179-182. 37. Uhrenholt L, Freeman MD, Webb AL, Pedersen M, Boel LW: Fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with internal carotid artery dissection resulting from whiplash trauma. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2015;11:564-569. 38...

... significance of translational and rotational motions of the head after impact. 14th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Ann Arbor, 1970. 8. Ommaya AK, Hirsch AE, Martinez JL: The role of whiplash in cerebral concussion. 10th Stapp Car Crash Conference, New York, 1966. 9. Zhang J, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA...

... musculoskeletal injury rather than the brain concussion. Comprehensive evaluation by a physiatrist may help to identify and address such injuries. Head and neck pain are common symptoms of whiplash or other cervical spine injury. Generally, pain from whiplash remits in the initial weeks following injury; however...

... whiplash injury. Barré-Lieou syndrome suggests that cervical degenerative disease may stimulate abnormal signals from the cervical sympathetic nerves, leading to a reflexive vasoconstriction in the vertebrobasilar system and subsequent inner ear ischemia. Reversible obstruction or stenosis of the dominant...

... as by the healthcare provider - may on the other hand reduce the efficacy of treatment [ 98 ]. Finally, expectancies may influence the recovery from acute pain and injury. Patients' expectations for recovery after traffic-related whiplash injuries have proven to be an important prognostic factor for neck pain...

... from whiplash trauma. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2015;11:564-569. 38. Bodanapally UK, Sours C, Zhuo J, Shanmuganathan K: Imaging of traumatic brain injury. Radiol Clin North Am 2015;53:695-715, viii. 39. Iraji A, Benson RR, Welch RD, O'Neil BJ, Woodard JL, Ayaz SI, et al: Resting state functional...

...: Recovery in whiplash-associated disorders: do you get what you expect? J Rheumatol 2009;36:1063-1070. 100. Gramke HF, de Rijke JM, van Kleef M, Kessels AG, Peters ML, Sommer M, Marcus MA: Predictive factors of postoperative pain after day-case surgery. Clin J Pain 2009;25:455-460. 101. Sommer M, de...

..., whiplash injury, vascular inflammation, and myelitis [ 20 ]. The IASP classification provides a separate code for occipital neuralgia resulting from trauma. Headache Syndromes Cluster Headaches (ICD G44.009 Cluster headache syndrome, unspecified, not intractable; IASP 004.X8b Chronic Cluster...

... diagnosed with occipital neuralgia following whiplash injuries. None of them were involved in litigation. Summary of studies on peripheral nerve stimulation for nerve pain Table 1. Summary of studies on peripheral nerve stimulation for nerve pain Summary of studies on occipital nerve stimulators...