... Abstract Leonardo da Vinci (April 15, 1452 to May 2, 1519) was an Italian Renaissance architect, musician, anatomist, inventor, engineer, sculptor, geometer, and painter. It has been gleaned from the many available historical documents that da Vinci was a vegetarian who respected and loved...

... Abstract Since the first report of the use of the da Vinci robotic system (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) in transoral robotic tongue base reduction for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was published in 2010, this surgical tool and technique has been used worldwide for the resection...

..., Motulsky AG: A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. JAMA 1995;274:1049-1057 3. Bramly S: Leonardo: Discovering the Life of Leonardo da Vinci (Reynolds S: English translation). Staten Island, Brainiac Books, 1991; 4. BrattstrÖm LE: Vitamins...

... Graves' disease and GO and to have died from thyrotoxic crisis [ 4 ] (Fig. 1 c). Daruma (founder of Zen Buddhism and Kung Fu) has been proposed as the earliest recorded case of GO around 527 AD [ 5 ] (Fig. 1 d). A painting of a young woman by Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) has been described...

..., Casciano I, Croce M, Di Vinci A, Gelvi I, Pagnan G, Brignole C, Allemanni G, Ferrini S, Ponzoni M, Romani M: Expression and methylation of CASP8 in neuroblastoma: identification of a promoter region. Nat Med 2002;8:1333-1335. 13. Banelli B, Gelvi I, Di Vinci A, Scaruffi P, Casciano I, Allemanni G...

... as a primary and secondary therapeutic option. Eye (Lond) 2016;30:1531-1541. 15. Do DV, Nguyen QD, Boyer D, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Brown DM, Vitti R, et al: One-year outcomes of the da Vinci Study of VEGF Trap-Eye in eyes with diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 2012;119:1658-1665. 16. Do DV, Schmidt...

... of the vocal folds. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018;275:761–765. 20. Fakhoury R, et al: The da Vinci robotic system in head and neck surgery. B-ENT 2015;(suppl 24):1–6. ...

... and bioactivity of a single intravitreal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor Trap-Eye in patients with diabetic macular oedema. Br J Ophthalmol 2009;93:144-149. 41. Do DV, Nguyen QD, Boyer D, et al: One-year outcomes of the DA VINCI Study of VEGF Trap-Eye in eyes with diabetic macular edema...

... BCVA improved by a mean of 6.8 letters (p < 0.03) [ 40 ]. There were only mild ocular adverse events that were related to the injection procedure. No serious ocular adverse events were reported [ 40 ]. Phase 2 Clinical Study The DA VINCI (DME and VEGF Trap-Eye: Investigation of Clinical...

.... The da Vinci robot is a case in point where the size of the robot and its straight line of sight technology has not been easily adapted to the larynx as compared to the hybrid Flex robot which has been designed specifically for the upper aerodigestive tract and thereafter adapted to the colon [ 18 - 20...

.... Banelli B, Casciano I, Croce M, Di Vinci A, Gelvi I, Pagnan G, Brignole C, Allemanni G, Ferrini S, Ponzoni M, Romani M: Expression and methylation of CASP8 in neuroblastoma: identification of a promoter region. Nat Med 2002;8:1333-1335. 13. Banelli B, Gelvi I, Di Vinci A, Scaruffi P, Casciano I...

...: Daruma eyes: the sixth century founder of Zen Buddhism and Kung Fu had the earliest recorded Graves' ophthalmopathy. Thyroid 2002;12:389-391. 6. Martino E, Vitti P: Endocrinology and art. Leonardo da Vinci “Design of Lady with Graves' disease” (1452-1519). J Endocrinol Invest 2014;37:781. 7...

..., et al: The DA VINCI Study: Phase 2 Primary Results of VEGF Trap-Eye in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema. Ophthalmology 2011;118:1819-1826 41. Reich SJ, Fosnot J, Kuroki A, et al: Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting VEGF effectively inhibits ocular neovascularization in a mouse model. Mol...

... QD, Boyer D, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Brown DM, Vitti R, et al: One-year outcomes of the da Vinci Study of VEGF Trap-Eye in eyes with diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 2012;119:1658-1665. 16. Do DV, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Gonzalez VH, Gordon CM, Tolentino M, Berliner AJ, et al: The DA VINCI Study...

...: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin lispro protamine suspension compared with insulin glargine and insulin detemir in type 2 diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin 2009;25:2679–2687. 39. Dalfra MG, Soldato A, Moghetti P, Lombardi S, Vinci C, De Cata AP, Romanelli T, Bonomo M, Sciacca L, Tata F, Ragazzi E...

..., IntraLase and Da Vinci femtosecond laser systems. The mean intraocular pressure during flap creation was reported to be 84.9 ± 7.3 mm Hg for the VisuMax, 180.6 ± 21.6 mm Hg for the IntraLase, and 150.9 ± 17.2 mm Hg for the Da Vinci [ 19 ]. The Carl Zeiss Meditec MEL 80 Excimer Laser System is designed...

...:264-269. 16. Barazzoni R, Zanetti M, Ferreira C, Vinci P, Pirulli A, Mucci M, Dore F, Fonda M, Ciocchi B, Cattin L, Guarnieri G: Relationships between desacylated and acylated ghrelin and insulin sensitivity in the metabolic syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:3935-3940. 17. Rodriguez...

.... From Leonardo to da Vinci: the history of robot-assisted surgery in urology. BJU Int. 2011;108:1708–13. 77. Kubota R, Akaki M, Wada K, Kawamura K, Maruyama Y, Mitsui Y, et al. Robotic renal autotransplantation: a feasibility study in a porcine model. Acta Med Okayama. 2020;74:53–8. 78. Connor...

... attention in the transplant area, as it provides less trauma, a faster recovery, and cause fewer wound complications [ 58 ]. The surgical system using robots to perform surgery that is best known and most often used in the world is the da Vinci Surgical System [ 76 ], approved by the Food and Drug...