..., Howe K, Moy RL: Glycolic acid modulation of collagen production in human skin fibroblast cultures in vitro. Dermatol Surg 1996;22:439-441. 50. Tang SC, Liao PY, Hung SJ, Ge JS, Chen SM, Lai JC, Hsiao YP, Yang JH: Topical application of glycolic acid suppresses the UVB induced IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1...

... Abstract Skin barrier repair therapies often involve the use of medicated and non-medicated topical preparations. To measure the effect of topical preparations, clinical (scoring systems, for example, Score of Atopic Dermatitis, Dermatology Quality of Life Index) and biophysical procedures (e.g...

... Abstract Chronic pruritus is a common problem in patients with inflammatory skin diseases as well as in subjects with dry or sensitive skin. Regardless of the underlying cause of the pruritus, a topical therapy is not only useful but most often necessary to achieve symptom control. A good...

... and cumulative complications of systemic medications, topical sinonasal therapy has become the primary strategy for prolonged medical therapy. The objective of this review article is to describe the evidence for the most common topical sinonasal delivery techniques. Evidence supports that high-volume irrigations...

... effects. Topical corticosteroids, particularly when utilized after endoscopic sinus surgery and delivered in a high volume, high pressure manner, provide the desired anti-inflammatory effects with nearly negligible systemic absorption. Studies assessing the long-term use of second generation topical...

... the protoporphyrins produced intracellularly in response to MAL exposure. The objective of this chapter is to report the efficacy of topical MAL-PDT for AK, its cosmetic outcomes and side effects. Multiple electronic databases were searched for studies involving MAL-PDT, AK, and photoaging. The Cochrane Central...

... with unpredictable kinetics. For example, using a rabbit model to study the pharmacokinetics of an intravitreal injection used to treat endophthalmitis is a reasonable approach. On the other hand, using a mouse or rat model to determine topical delivery for a chronic retinal disorder is suboptimal and does...

.... These specific properties of mucosae have to be considered in the development and application of topical agents, cosmetics and consumer products. The mucosa is defined as nonkeratinized epithelium covering the surfaces of the gastrointestinal, the respiratory, the urinary and the genital tracts...

... Abstract Vaginally applied antimicrobial agents are widely used in the vagina in women with lower genital tract infections. An ‘antimicrobial’ is a general term that refers to a group of drugs that are effective against bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. Topical treatments can be prescribed...

... a further allergic response which maintains suppression of elements of the innate immune system and causes further flaking that disrupts the surface barrier [ 18 ]. This perpetuates an environment that favors recurrent yeast infection [ 19 ]. Topical Agents Nystatin is a polyene antimicrobial agent...

... Abstract Topical antineoplastic agents have a well-established role in the treatment of several dermatological conditions. Their use in the treatment of mucosal skin disease also has gained increasing recognition. Topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an antimetabolite, and imiquimod...

... Abstract Topical therapy forms the cornerstone in the management of psoriasis. Of significant value as monotherapy in mild to moderate psoriasis, it is used predominantly as adjunctive therapy in moderate and severe forms of the disease. Over the past decade, topical treatment of psoriasis has...

... Abstract The safety and toxicity of sodium hypochlorite is reviewed with particular correlationto topical use. Since sodium hypochlorite is one of the most widely used chemicals in theenvironment, its safety has been established by long use and toxicity profile. This chapterreviews recent...